Table 3.

Proposed interventions for equitable ADHD care in Africa and likely outcomes.

Interventions	Description	Likely outcomes
Public awareness campaigns	Conduct comprehensive public awareness campaigns to disseminate accurate information about ADHD, its prevalence, symptoms, and available treatments.	Increased awareness and understanding of ADHD in the general population. Reduced stigma and misconceptions surrounding the condition. Timely identification and referrals of children with ADHD for appropriate evaluation and support. Improved acceptance and support for individuals with ADHD in communities.
Training for healthcare professionals	Equip healthcare professionals, including primary care providers and specialists, with the latest research and evidence-based practices.	Enhanced competence of healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing ADHD. Improved accuracy in identifying ADHD symptoms and appropriate referral to specialised services. Early intervention and tailored treatment plans for children with ADHD. Increased collaboration between healthcare professionals and other stakeholders in providing comprehensive care for children with ADHD.
Integration of mental health services	Integrate mental health services into primary healthcare systems to improve access to ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Train primary care providers to recognise ADHD symptoms and offer initial support and referrals for further evaluation and intervention.	Increased availability and accessibility of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in primary healthcare settings. Reduced burden on specialised mental health facilities, providing more focused support to severe cases. Enhanced coordination and communication between primary care providers and mental health specialists for comprehensive ADHD care.
Addressing affordability and accessibility	Implement policy measures to make essential ADHD treatments and medications more affordable.	The reduced financial burden on families seeking ADHD treatment. Improved affordability and access to medications and therapies for children with ADHD. Increased treatment adherence and compliance due to reduced financial constraints. Expanded access to necessary interventions, especially in underserved communities.
Telemedicine and digital health platforms	Utilise telemedicine and digital health platforms to improve the accessibility of ADHD treatment, especially in remote or underserved areas.	Improved access to expert advice and consultation for individuals with ADHD, regardless of geographic location. Enhanced convenience and flexibility in accessing ADHD support and resources. Reduced barriers to care, especially for families in remote or underserved areas. Efficient and effective delivery of information and treatment recommendations through digital platforms.
Stakeholder collaboration	Establish public-private partnerships between governments, NGOs, and pharmaceutical companies to reduce the costs of medications and therapies. Collaborate to develop innovative solutions and increase the availability of resources for managing ADHD.	Increased availability of affordable medications and therapies for ADHD management. Greater investment in research and resources for improving ADHD care. Innovative solutions for addressing unique challenges in African communities. Enhanced collaboration and collective