Table 1.

Genes involved in monogenic Parkinson’s disease.

Gene	Mode of inheritance	Frequency
SNCA	AD	Rare, with recent investigations showing a frequency ranging from 0.045 to 1.1%30
LRRK2	AD	1% of PD
VPS35	AD	Rare
PRKN	AR	The most common cause of EOPD (12.5% of recessive PD)31
PINK1	AR	The second leading cause of EOPD (1.9% of recessive PD)31.
PARK7 (DJ1)	AR	0.16% of recessive PD31
TAF1	X-linked	0.34 per 100 000 in the Philippines, Island of Panay 5.24 per 100 000
ATP13A2	AR	Rare32
DCTN1	AD	Rare32
DNAJC6	AR	Rare32
FBXO7	AR	Rare32
PLA2G6	AR	Rare33
SYNJ1	AR	Rare
CHCHD2	AD	Rare
LRP10	AD	Rare
TMEM230	AD	Rare
UQCRC1	AD	Rare
VPS13C	AR	Rare

AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive; EOPD, early-onset Parkinson’s disease; PD, Parkinson’s disease.