. 2023 Oct 5;18(10):e0292623. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292623

Table 1. Clinical profile and metabolic and hormonal variables of the PCOS and control groups.

Variable	Phenotypes A and B (n = 59)	Phenotype C (n = 23)	Controls (n = 51)	p
Age, years	26 (20–30) ^a	29 (22–32) ^ab	28 (24–32) ^b	0.015
BMI, kg/m²	32.3 (25.9–36.4) ^a	27.2 (23.9–29.6) ^b	26.7 (23.0–31.1) ^b	0.002
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²	45 (77.6%)	15 (71.4%)	28 (59.6%)	0.133
DBP, mm Hg	80 (72–81) ^a	77 (70–80) ^ab	70 (67–80) ^b	0.002
SBP, mm Hg	120 (110–130) ^a	120 (115–125) ^ab	110 (105–120) ^b	0.001
Ferriman-Gallwey score	15.0 (9.5–19.5) ^a	12.0 (9.0–19.2) ^a	03 (1.7–5.0) ^b	<0.001
TT, ng/mL	0.65 (0.48–0.82) ^a	0.60 (0.44–0.70) ^ab	0.50 (0.41–0.63) ^b	0.008
SHBG, nmol/L	28.2 (18.9–42.0) ^a	29.7 (16.6–44.4) ^a	35.7 (29.7–53.6) ^b	<0.001
FAI	2.28 (1.42–4.38) ^a	1.95 (1.36–2.89) ^a	1.28 (0.81–2.10) ^b	<0.001
Progesterone, ng/mL	0.80 (0.59–1.41) ^a	7.39 (5.77–11.53) ^b	6.44 (0.80–8.56) ^b	<0.001
Glucose, mg/dL	87 (82–92)	86 (82–90)	86 (81–92)	0.639
Insulin, μU/mL	16.49 (7.81–22.34) ^a	15.00 (7.02–20.61) ^ab	9.05 (6.14–12.36) ^b	0.006
HOMA-IR	3.52 (1.53–5.22) ^a	3.40 (1.50–4.33) ^ab	1.93 (1.34–2.53) ^b	0.008
Triglycerides, mg/dL	103 (59–155) ^a	87 (66–133) ^ab	75 (55–105) ^b	0.011
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	180 ± 35	177 ± 34	177 ± 27	0.873
HDL, mg/dL	43 (37–52) ^a	47 (39–55) ^ab	50 (43–60) ^b	0.010
LDL, mg/dL	107 (87–136)	98 (88–134)	107 (91–122)	0.583
Metabolic syndrome	21 (35.6%) ^a	3 (13.0%) ^b	3 (5.9%) ^b	<0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.69 ± 0.08	0.68 ± 0.12	0.66 ± 0.08	0.403
Total fat mass, kg	36.05 ± 12.42 ^a	29.81 ± 7.83 ^ab	29.06 ± 10.86 ^b	0.005
FMI, kg/m²	14.08 (10.18–17.46) ^a	11.14 (8.80–12.71) ^ab	10.54 (7.99–15.20) ^b	0.015
Total lean mass, kg	40.92 (36.19–47.23) ^a	39.78 (36.08–42.71) ^ab	38.07 (35.21–40.82) ^b	0.010
ALMI, kg/m²	7.01 (6.33–8.02) ^a	6.60 (6.16–7.22) ^ab	6.69 (5.94–7.09) ^b	0.020
Lumbar spine BMD, g/cm²	1.258 ± 0.120 ^a	1.249 ± 0.101 ^ab	1.194 ± 0.136 ^b	0.027
Z-score	0.7 ± 0.9 ^a	0.5 ± 0.8 ^ab	0.1 ± 1.1 ^b	0.014
Total femur BMD, g/cm²	1.109 ± 0.143 ^a	1.064 ± 0.112 ^ab	1.017 ± 0.163 ^b	0.013
Z-score	0.5 ± 1.1^a	0.0 ± 0.6 ^ab	−0.1 ± 1.0 ^b	0.004

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or percentage. P-value by one-way ANOVA or Pearson’s chi-square test. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate statistically significant differences. PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TT: total testosterone; SHBG: sex hormone–binding globulin; FAI: free androgen index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FMI: fat mass index; ALMI: appendicular lean mass index; BMD: bone mineral density.