Table 4. Goodness of fit of the four CSS-12 measurement models evaluated (N = 657).

Model	Short Description	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	SRMR	AIC*	BIC*
1	One-dimension (CFA)	0.943	0.930	0.141 (0.132–0.150)	0.052	18650.8	18698.0
2	Four-dimension (CFA)	0.959	0.944	0.126 (0.117–0.136)	0.043	18456.5	18644.9
3	Bifactor (original paper)	0.966	0.947	0.122 (0.112–0.133)	0.039	18189.5	18255.2
4	Bifactor-ESEM (our proposal)	0.999	0.997	0.029 (0.000–0.050)	0.006	18129.9	18227.0

(*) Models fitted with a Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Robust Standard Errors (MLR) estimator.

CFA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis; ESEM, exploratory structural equation modelling; AIC, Akaike’s information criteria; BIC, sample-size adjusted Bayesian Information Criteria; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker–Lewis Index; RMSEA, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR, standardised root mean square residual.