Table 1. Summary data abstraction table.
| ID | Reference | Year | Country | Study type | Design | Setting | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Akintola, O. (2010). Perceptions of rewards among volunteer caregivers of people living with AIDS working in faith-based organizations in South Africa: a qualitative study. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-13-22 | 2010 | South Africa | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 55 |
| 2 | Akintola, O., & Chikoko, G. (2016). Factors influencing motivation and job satisfaction among supervisors of community health workers in marginalized communities in South Africa. Human Resources for Health, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0151-6 | 2016 | South Africa | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 26 |
| 3 | Alam, K., & Oliveras, E. (2014). Retention of female volunteer community health workers in Dhaka urban slums: a prospective cohort study. Human Resources for Health, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-29 | 2014 | Bangladesh | Mixed (Interviews Survey) | Observational | Community | 542 |
| 4 | Alam, K., et al. (2012). Performance of female volunteer community health workers in Dhaka urban slums. Social Science & Medicine, 75(3), 511–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.039 | 2012 | Bangladesh | Mixed (Questionnaire Focus groups Interviews) | Observational | Community | 542 |
| 5 | Alibhai, A. A. (2013). The effectiveness of a volunteer community health worker program to support an antiretroviral treatment program for AIDS patients in western Uganda. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. http://nottingham.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/effectiveness-volunteer-community-health-worker/docview/1504615762/se-2?accountid=8018 | 2013 | Uganda | Mixed (Questionnaire Interviews Focus groups) | Observational | Community | 169 |
| 6 | Aparicio, M., et al. (2019). Gratitude from patients and relatives in palliative care—characteristics and impact: a national survey. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. 10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001858 | 2019 | Spain | Quantitative (Survey) | Observational | Palliative care units Community | 186 |
| 7 | Ashley, C., et al. (2021). The psychological well‐being of primary healthcare nurses during COVID‐19: a qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(9), 3820–3828. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14937 | 2021 | Australia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | GPs Community | 25 |
| 8 | Bakker, D., et al. (2010). Canadian cancer nurses’ views on recruitment and retention. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(2), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01029.x | 2010 | Canada | Qualitative (Focus groups) | Observational | Oncology Ambulatory care Hospitals Community | 91 |
| 9 | Barnes, A. L. (2015). Relationship between job satisfaction among frontline staff and patient satisfaction: Evidence from community health centers in South Carolina (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina). https://www.proquest.com/docview/1765406972?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true | 2015 | USA | Quantitative (Survey) | Observational | Community | 303 |
| 10 | Beate, A., & Jacobsen, F. F. (2020). The art of caring in selected Norwegian nursing homes: a qualitative approach. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 13(2), 820. https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2738332 | 2020 | Norway | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Nursing homes | 11 |
| 11 | Bhatnagar, A. (2014). Determinants of motivation and job satisfaction among primary health workers: case studies from Nigeria and India (Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University). http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37851 | 2014 | Nigeria India |
Mixed (Interviews Survey) | Observational | Primary health care | 29 |
| 12 | Bhatnagar, A., et al. (2017). Primary health care workers’ views of motivating factors at individual, community and organizational levels: a qualitative study from Nasarawa and Ondo states, Nigeria. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 32(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2342 | 2017 | Nigeria | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 29 |
| 13 | Blank, F. S., et al. (2014). A comparison of patient and nurse expectations regarding nursing care in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(4), 317–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.010 | 2014 | N/A | Mixed (Survey) | Observational | Emergency department | 100 |
| 14 | Cameron, P. J., et al. (2010). Physician retention in rural Alberta: key community factors. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101(1), 79–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405568 | 2010 | Canada | Qualitative (Interviews Document review Observations) | Observational | Community | 15 |
| 15 | Chou, W. C., et al. (2006). Perceptions of physicians on the barriers and facilitators to integrating fall risk evaluation and management into practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-006-0244-3 | 2006 | USA | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Primary care offices | 18 |
| 16 | Christiansen, B. (2008). Good work–how is it recognised by the nurse? Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(12), 1645–1651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02139.x | 2008 | Norway | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals Clinic | 10 |
| 17 | Ciocănel, A., et al. (2018). Helping, mediating, and gaining recognition: the everyday identity work of Romanian health social workers. Social Work in Health Care, 57(3), 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2018.1426674 | 2018 | Romania | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals Emergency department Maternity unit School-based Community Hospice |
21 |
| 18 | Cleary, M., et al. Mental health nurses’ perceptions of good work in an acute setting. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21(5), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2011.00810.x | 2012 | Australia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Mental health centres | 40 |
| 19 | Converso, D., et al. (2015). Do positive relations with patients play a protective role for healthcare employees? Effects of patients’ gratitude and support on nurses’ burnout. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 470. 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00470 | 2015 | Italy | Quantitative (Questionnaire) | Observational | Hospitals Emergency department Oncology | 204 |
| 20 | Cortese, C. G. (2007). Job satisfaction of Italian nurses: an exploratory study. Journal of Nursing Management, 15(3), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00694.x | 2007 | Italy | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals | 64 |
| 21 | Dageid, W., et al. (2016). Sustaining motivation among community health workers in aids care in Kwazulu‐natal, South Africa: challenges and prospects. Journal of Community Psychology, 44(5), 569–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21787 | 2016 | South Africa | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 12 |
| 22 | Danet, A. D., et al. (2020). Emotional paths of professional experiences in transplant coordinators. Nefrología (English Edition), 40(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2019.05.005 | 2020 | Spain | Qualitative (Questionnaire Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals Transplant coordination | 22 |
| 23 | Datiko, D. G., et al. (2015). Exploring providers’ perspectives of a community based TB approach in Southern Ethiopia: implication for community based approaches. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-1149-9 | 2015 | Ethiopia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 37 |
| 24 | de Oliveira, A. R., et al. (2019). Satisfaction and limitation of primary health care nurses’ work in rural areas. Rural and Remote Health, 19(2), 55–64. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.143753391883465 | 2019 | Brazil | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Family health units | 11 |
| 25 | Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). The role of performance feedback in the self-assessment of competence: a research study with nursing clinicians. Collegian, 13(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60511-9 | 2006 | Australia | Qualitative (Focus groups) | Observational | Hospitals Midwifery General surgical General medical | 26 |
| 26 | Fontanini, R., et al. (2021). Italian nurses’ experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of internet posts. International Nursing Review, 68(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12669 | 2021 | Italy | Qualitative (Descriptive study) | Observational | Hospitals Community | 380 |
| 27 | Fort, A. L., & Voltero, L. (2004). Factors affecting the performance of maternal health care providers in Armenia. Human Resources for Health, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-2-8 | 2004 | Armenia | Quantitative (Interviews Survey Observations) | Observational | Reproductive health services | 285 |
| 28 | Johansson, M., et al. (2019). Nursing staff’s experiences of intensive care unit diaries: a qualitative study. Nursing in Critical Care, 24(6), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12416 | 2019 | Sweden | Qualitative (Focus groups) | Observational | University Hospitals ICU | 27 |
| 29 | Judd, M. J., et al. (2017). Workplace stress, burnout and coping: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian disability support workers. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(3), 1109–1117. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12409 | 2017 | Australia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Disability Services | 12 |
| 30 | Kelly, D., et al. (2020). The experiences of cancer nurses working in four European countries: a qualitative study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 49, 101844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101844 | 2020 | Estonia Germany Netherlands UK |
Qualitative (Interviews Focus groups) | Observational | Oncology | 97 |
| 31 | Khowaja, K., et al. (2005). Registered nurses perception of work satisfaction at a Tertiary Care University Hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 13(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00507.x | 2005 | Pakistan | Qualitative (Interviews Focus groups) | Observational | Hospitals Critical care Medical-surgery Ambulatory Maternity Emergency department |
45 |
| 32 | Kim, Y. M., et al. (2008). Factors that enable nurse–patient communication in a family planning context: a positive deviance study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(10), 1411–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.01.002 | 2008 | Indonesia | Qualitative (Interviews Focus groups) | Observational | Clinic | 34 |
| 33 | MacLeod, M. L., et al. (2021). The meaning of nursing practice for nurses who are retired yet continue to work in a rural or remote community. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00721-0 | 2021 | Canada | Qualitative (Survey) | Observational | N/A | 101 |
| 34 | Maharani, C., et al. (2022). The National Health Insurance System of Indonesia and primary care physicians’ job satisfaction: a prospective qualitative study. Family Practice, 39(1), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmab067 | 2022 | Indonesia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Primary health care | 34 |
| 35 | Martínez-Taboas, A., et al. (2014). Gifts in psychotherapy: attitudes and experiences of Puerto Rican psychotherapists. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 25(2), 328–339. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=233245622011 | 2014 | Puerto Rico | Quantitative (Questionnaire) | Observational | Private practice Hospitals University | 75 |
| 36 | Minooee, S., et al. (2021). Catastrophic thinking: is it the legacy of traumatic births? Midwives’ experiences of shoulder dystocia complicated births. Women and Birth, 34(1), e38-e46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.08.008 | 2021 | Australia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals | 25 |
| 37 | Muntz, J., & Dormann, C. (2020). Moderating effects of appreciation on relationships between illegitimate tasks and intrinsic motivation: a two-wave shortitudinal study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(3), 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1706489 | 2020 | Germany | Quantitative (Panel study) | Observational | Hospitals | 241 |
| 38 | Nwala, E. (2015). The impact of nonmonetary job benefits on job retention in rural healthcare (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). https://www.proquest.com/docview/1735405605?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true | 2015 | USA | Qualitative (Interviews Observations) | Observational | Clinic | 13 |
| 39 | Oluwole, A., et al. (2019). Optimising the performance of frontline implementers engaged in the NTD programme in Nigeria: lessons for strengthening community health systems for universal health coverage. Human Resources for Health, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0419-8 | 2019 | Nigeria | Qualitative (Workshops) | Observational | Community | N/A |
| 40 | Ortiz, J. A. (2014). New graduate nurses’ experiences of what accounts for their lack of professional confidence during their first year of practice (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). https://www.proquest.com/docview/1650654883?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true | 2014 | USA | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals | 12 |
| 41 | Pal, L. M., et al. (2014). Utilising feedback from patients and their families as a learning strategy in a foundation degree in palliative and supportive care: a qualitative study. Nurse Education Today, 34(3), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.06.012 | 2014 | UK | Qualitative (Focus groups Questionnaire) | Observational | Nursing homes Hospitals Hospices Oncology wards Community |
12 |
| 42 | Pariseault, C. A., et al. (2022). Nurses’ experiences of caring for patients and families during the Covid-19 pandemic: communication challenges. American Journal of Nursing, 122, 22–30. 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000805644.85184.d2 | 2022 | USA | Qualitative (Descriptive study) | Observational | Hospitals | 17 |
| 43 | Peteet, J. R., et al. (1992). Relationships with patients in oncology: can a clinician be a friend? Psychiatry, 55(3), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1992.11024596 | 1992 | USA | Mixed (Interviews) | Observational | Oncology | 192 |
| 44 | Pooley, H. M., et al. (2015). The experience of the long-term doctor-patient relationship in consultant nephrenologists. Journal of Renal Care, 41(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jorc.12092 | 2015 | UK | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Renal department | 7 |
| 45 | Prytherch, H., et al. (2012). Maternal and newborn healthcare providers in rural Tanzania: in-depth interviews exploring influences on motivation, performance and job satisfaction. Rural and Remote Health, 12(3), 1–15. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.625974688045681 | 2012 | Tanzania | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Health centres | 35 |
| 46 | Prytherch, H., et al. (2013). Motivation and incentives of rural maternal and neonatal health care providers: a comparison of qualitative findings from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Tanzania. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-149 | 2013 | Burkina Faso Ghana Tanzania |
Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Health centres | 35 |
| 47 | Raingruber, B., & Wolf, T. (2015). Nurse perspectives regarding the meaningfulness of oncology nursing practice. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 19(3), 292–296. 10.1188/15.CJON.292-296 | 2015 | USA | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Oncology wards Medical-surgical unit | 8 |
| 48 | Reis, M. J. D., et al. (2010). Experiences of nurses in health care for female victims of sexual violence. Revista de Saude Publica, 44, 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000200013 | 2010 | Brazil | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Sexual violence service | 6 |
| 49 | Riskin, A., et al. (2019). Expressions of gratitude and medical team performance. Pediatrics, 143(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2043 | 2019 | Israel | Quantitative (Randomised study) | Interventional | Hospitals NICU | 172 |
| 50 | Robinson, D. (2019). Exploring experiences of burnout, engagement, and social support setworks: a qualitative study of hospital medicine physicians (Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University). https://www.proquest.com/docview/2244361153?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true | 2019 | USA | Mixed (Interviews Survey) | Observational | Hospitals | 15 |
| 51 | Roca, J., et al. (2021). Experiences, emotional responses, and coping skills of nursing students as auxiliary health workers during the peak Covid‐19 pandemic: a qualitative study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(5), 1080–1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12858 | 2021 | Spain | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Nursing homes Hospitals COVID-19 specialized unit | 22 |
| 52 | Ronnie, L. (2019). Intensive care nurses in South Africa: expectations and experiences in a public sector hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(7), 1431–1437. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12826 | 2019 | South Africa | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals ICU |
44 |
| 53 | Sakai, M., et al. (2013). Home visiting nurses’ attitudes toward caring for dying patients, and related workplace factors. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 19(4), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2013.19.4.195 | 2013 | Japan | Quantitative (Questionnaire) | Observational | Community | 206 |
| 54 | Seitovirta, J., et al. (2015). Registered nurses’ experiences of rewarding in a Finnish university hospital–an interview study. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(7), 868–878. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12228 | 2015 | Finland | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals | 10 |
| 55 | Seitovirta, J., et al. (2017). Attention to nurses’ rewarding–an interview study of registered nurses working in primary and private healthcare in Finland. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(7–8), 1042–1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13459 | 2017 | Finland | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Healthcare organisations | 20 |
| 56 | Smallwood, N., et al. (2021). Moral distress and perceived community views are associated with mental health symptoms in frontline health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168723 | 2021 | Australia | Quantitative (Survey) | Observational | Hospitals | 7846 |
| 57 | Tang, P. M., et al. (2021). How and when service beneficiaries’ gratitude enriches employees’ daily lives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(6), 987–1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000975 | 2021 | China Singapore |
Quantitative (Experience Sampling Method) | Observational | Hospitals | 275 |
| 58 | Vachon, M., & Guité-Verret, A. (2020). From powerlessness to recognition the meaning of palliative care clinicians’ experience of suffering. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 15(1), 1852362. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2020.1852362 | 2020 | Canada | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Medical centre | 21 |
| 59 | Vail, L., et al. (2011). Healthcare assistants in general practice: a qualitative study of their experiences. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 12(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423610000204 | 2011 | UK | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | GP | 14 |
| 60 | Vandecasteele, T., et al. (2015). Nurses’ perceptions of transgressive behaviour in care relationships: a qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(12), 2786–2798. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12749 | 2015 | Belgium | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals | 18 |
| 61 | Wahlberg, A. C., & Bjorkman, A. (2018). Expert in nursing care but sometimes disrespected—telenurses’ reflections on their work environment and nursing care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(21–22), 4203–4211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14622 | 2018 | Sweden | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Telephone service | 24 |
| 62 | Waltz, L. A., et al. (2020). Exploring job satisfaction and workplace engagement in millennial nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(3), 673–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12981 | 2020 | USA | Qualitative (Focus groups) | Observational | Hospitals | 33 |
| 63 | Warburton, J., et al. (2014). Extrinsic and intrinsic factors impacting on the retention of older rural healthcare workers in the north Victorian public sector: a qualitative study. Rural and Remote Health, 14(3), 131–146. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.451178784672507 | 2014 | Australia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | N/A | 17 |
| 64 | Wasko, K. (2014). Medical practice in rural Saskatchewan: factors in physician recruitment and retention. Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine, 19(3), 93. https://srpc.ca/resources/Documents/CJRM/vol19n3/pg93.pdf | 2014 | Canada | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 62 |
| 65 | Weaver, S. H., et al. (2020). The impact of real-time patient feedback using a gamified system. Nursing Management, 51(12), 14–21. 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000721812.13386.81 | 2020 | USA | Mixed (Interviews Focus groups Survey) | Interventional | Hospitals Medical-surgical unit | 22 |
| 66 | Wright, S. M., et al. (2013). Ethical concerns related to grateful patient philanthropy: the physician’s perspective. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(5), 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2246-7 | 2013 | USA | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | University | 20 |
| 67 | Zulu, J. M., et al. (2015). 1/3. Hope and despair: the community health assistant role in Zambia. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 9(9), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2015.9.9.458 Zulu, J. M., et al. (2016). Hope and despair 3/3: pluses and minuses for community health assistants in rural Zambia. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 10(1), 31–35. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2016.10.1.31 |
2015 2016 |
Zambia | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Community | 12 |
| 68 | Zwack, J., & Schweitzer, J. (2013). If every fifth physician is affected by burnout, what about the other four? Resilience strategies of experienced physicians. Academic Medicine, 88(3), 382–389. 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318281696b | 2013 | Germany | Qualitative (Interviews) | Observational | Hospitals | 200 |