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. 2023 Oct 5;18(10):e0292588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292588

Fig 8. Nematode (Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii) assessment of leaves and beech (Fagus grandifolia) buds in early spring.

Fig 8

(A) Representative branch showing sets of asymptomatic and symptomatic beech leaf disease (BLD) leaves, and poorly developing buds. (B-C) Detection of nematodes in symptomatic BLD leaves using acid fuchsin staining (B). Nematodes (arrows) were found migrating on the abaxial side of the leaf and penetrating the leaf tissues (C-C’). (D) Representative symptomatic BLD leaves dissected from poorly developing buds. (E) Percentage of asymptomatic and symptomatic BLD leaves associated with 50 poor-developing buds rated according to the phenotype scale presented in Fig 1. (F) Active nematodes and eggs extracted from a single, poorly developing bud. (G) Numbers of nematodes extracted from 50 poorly developing buds. Buds were classified from 0 to 4 based on their bud scale phenotype (see Fig 1). Scale bars: 5 mm (B); 1 mm (C, D, F); 500 μm (C´).