Table 2.

Sociodemographic characteristics and mental health among adolescents with problematic smartphone use

Variables	Total	Boys	Girls	p
Total	13,775 (100.0)	5,832 (42.3)	7,943 (57.7)
Area of residence				<0.001
Metropolitan area	5,597 (40.1)	2,438 (39.9)	3,159 (40.2)
Urban area	7,094 (54.1)	2,933 (54.2)	4,161 (54.0)
Rural area	1,084 (5.8)	461 (5.9)	623 (5.7)
School grade				<0.001
7th	1,921 (13.2)	823 (13.3)	1,098 (13.1)
8th	2,358 (15.6)	985 (15.7)	1,373 (15.6)
9th	2,586 (17.2)	1,069 (16.5)	1,517 (17.7)
10th	2,246 (17.0)	906 (16.1)	1,340 (17.8)
11th	2,476 (19.0)	1,029 (19.0)	1,447 (19.1)
12th	2,188 (18.0)	1,020 (19.5)	1,168 (16.8)
Household income level				<0.001
High	1,137 (8.5)	569 (9.9)	568 (7.3)
Middle	12,262 (88.9)	5,086 (87.2)	7,176 (90.2)
Low	376 (2.6)	177 (2.9)	199 (2.4)
Academic achievement				<0.001
High	1,281 (9.2)	611 (10.6)	670 (8.1)
Middle	10,625 (77.5)	4,395 (75.2)	6,230 (79.3)
Low	1,869 (13.3)	826 (14.2)	1,043 (12.7)	<0.001
Body mass index*
Low weight	2,946 (21.6)	977 (16.8)	1,969 (25.3)
Normal weight	6,611 (50.0)	2,526 (45.1)	4,085 (53.7)
Overweight	1,750 (13.0)	892 (15.6)	858 (11.1)
Obese	2,051 (15.4)	1,285 (22.5)	766 (10.0)
Cigarette use				<0.001
Never	11,935 (86.5)	4,792 (81.7)	7,143 (90.1)
Ever	1,840 (13.5)	1,040 (18.3)	800 (9.9)
Alcohol use				<0.001
Never	8,300 (59.9)	3,326 (56.4)	4,974 (62.6)
Ever	5,475 (40.1)	2,506 (43.6)	2,969 (37.4)
Generalized anxiety disorder				<0.001
No	6,574 (47.6)	3,254 (55.1)	3,320 (42.0)
Yes	7,201 (52.4)	2,578 (44.9)	4,623 (58.0)
Suicidal ideation				<0.001
No	11,476 (83.2)	5,116 (87.5)	6,360 (79.9)
Yes	2,299 (16.8)	716 (12.5)	1,583 (20.1)

Values are presented as number (%).

^*there is some missing data as not all individuals responded