Figure 2.

ATD blocks FMT

(A) Picrosirius red staining of HFL1 cells was treated with various concentrations of ATD (10, 100, and 1,000 nM) in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) stimulation for 48 h. Scale bars, 400 μm. (B–D) Quantitative RT-PCR assays were performed to determine mRNA expression of genes related to extracellular matrix (FN1 and COL1A1) and fibrotic marker (ACTA2) in HFL1 cells (n = 6). (E) The expression levels of fibrosis biomarkers. Quantification of (F) fibronectin, (G) collagen I, (H) collagen III, and (I) α-SMA expression using ImageJ. Each data point was repeated 6 times (n = 6). PFD-treated cells were the positive control group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 compared with the control group; ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the TGF-β1 group. ns, no statistical difference.