VIM knockdown prevents PF
(A) qPCR analysis of VIM expression in HFL1 cells (n = 3). (B) Western blot analysis of VIM expression in VIM-knockdown HFL1 cells (n = 3). Quantification of (C) VIM, (D) collagen I, and (E) α-SMA expression using ImageJ (n = 3). (F) Western blot analysis of protein expression treated with or without TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) in VIM-knockdown HFL1 cells (n = 3). (G) Picrosirius red staining of VIM-knockdown HFL1 cells treated with or without TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) and visualized. Scale bar, 400 μm. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 compared with the vector group. ns, no statistical difference.