Table 1.
Epidemiological characteristics of patients with monkeypox virus infection.
| Specific behaviors | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Participants | HIV‐positive | STIs | MSM (%) | Sexual partners, median (IQR) | Probable source of infection | Vaccination | Age, median (IQR) | Race/Ethnicity | Skina | Anogenital | Semen | Saliva |
| France (Palich et al.) 8 | 50 | 22/50 (44%) | N/A | 98% | 5 (2–10) | Sex with men | 12% | 34 (29–40) | White | 88% | 71% | 54% | NA |
| Spain (Hernaez et al.) 9 | 44 | 23/44 (52%) | 27% | 94% | Multiple | Sex with men | 25% | 35 (11.3) | White | N/A | N/A | N/A | 85% |
| Italy (Agrati et al.) 10 | 17 | 7/17 (41%) | 35% | 100 | Multiple | Sex with men, Household | 6% | 39.5 (33.5–45.25) | White | 100% | 85 | N/A | N/A |
| France (Mailhe et al.) 11 | 264 | 73/256 (29%) | 89% | 95% | 5 (2–10) | Sex with men | 12% | 35 (30–41) | White, Black | 98% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spain (Tarín‐Vicente et al.) 12 | 181 | 72/181 (40%) | 17% | 92% | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | Sexual, Household, Travel, Attendance at a Pride event | 18% | 37 (31–42) | White, Black | 99% | 78% | N/A | N/A |
| Italy (Raccagni et al.) 13 | 36 | 15/36 (42%) | 100% | 100% | >10 | Sex with men | N/A | 34 (29–36.5) | White | 100%b | . | 61% | N/A |
| 15 countries (Angelo et al.)c, 14 | 226 | 92/209 (44%) | 15% | 99% | 3 (1–8) | sexual or close intimate contact, Household | 16% | 37 (32–43) | White | 100% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spain (Peiró‐Mestres et al.) 15 | 12 | 4/12 (33%) | 75% | 98% | 10 | sexual or close intimate contact | 33% | 38.5 (32–52)d | White | 100% | 92% | 78% | 100% |
| 16 countries (Thornhill et al.)e, 16 | 528 | 218/528 (41%) | 109 of 377 (29%) | 98% | 5 (3–15) | Sexual close contact, Household | 9% | 38 (18–69)d | White, Black | 100%f | N/A | 91% | N/A |
| Italy (Lapa et al.) 17 | 1 | 1/1 (100%) | 100% | 100% | 5 | Sexual close contact, | 100% | 39 | White | NA | N/A | 100% | N/A |
| Germany (Hoffmann et al.) 18 | 546 | 256/546 (47%) | 52.4% | 100% | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel | 12.8% | 39 (20–67)d | White, Black | 100% f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spain (Vivancos‐Gallego et al.) 19 | 25 | 25/25 (100%) | 96% | 100% | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel | 20% | 39.5 (33–46) | White | 91% | 90% | N/A | N/A |
| Portugal (Duque et al.) 20 | 27 | 14/27 (52%) | 52% | 18/19 (95%) | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel | 4% | 33 (22–51) | White | 100%f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spain (Echevarría et al.) 21 | 49 | 15/49 (31%) | 20% | 96% | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel | N/A | 37.6g | White | 100% f | 80% | N/A | N/A |
| USA (Philpott et al.) 22 | 2891 | 136/334 (41%) | N/A | 94% | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel | 48/339 (14%) | 35 (30–41) | White, Hispanic, Black | 100%f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spain (Iñigo Martínez et al.) 23 | 508 | 225/508 (42%) | N/A | 93% | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel, household | N/A | 35 (18–67)d | White, Black or mixed, Asian | 100% f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UK (Girometti et al.) 24 | 54 | 13/54 (24%) | 25% | 100% | Multiple | Sexual contact | N/A | 41 (34–45) | White, Black or mixed, Asian | 100% f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spain (Orviz et al.) 25 | 48 | 19/48 (40%) | 25% | 87.5% | Multiple | Sexual contact | 25% | 35 (29–44) | White | 100% f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UK (Patel et al.) 26 | 197 | 70/195 (35.9%) | 31.5% | 99.5% | Multiple | Sexual contact | N/A | 38 | White, Black or mixed | 100% f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| ECDC (2023) 27 | 25,558 | 3 927/10 366 (38%) | N/A | 96% | N/A | Sexual contact | N/A | 31–40 d | White, Black or mixed | 100% f | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Belgium (Hens et al.) 28 | 155 | 34.2 | N/A | 95.5% | 2 (1.0–5.0) | Sexual contact | 18% | 39.0 (33.0–46.0) | White, Black or mixed | 95.6% | 96.2% | 1/1 (100%) | 2/5 (40.0%) |
| Peru (Maldonado et al.) 29 | 205 | 66% | 37.6% | 94% | Multiple | Sexual contact, travel | 32 (28–38) | Black or mixed | 100% | 100% | N/A | N/A | |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
a
Includes perianal skin.
b
Either skin, anogenital, or oropharyngeal samples combined.
c
Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Romania, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
d
Range in years.
e
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
f
Skin or anogenital samples combined.
g
Mean age.