Table 1.
Chalcone derivatives investigated against various coronaviruses.
| Compound(s) “Chemical name(s)” | Virus subtype | Study model(s) | Results | Inhibition mechanism | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “[6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzothiophen-3-yl]-[4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl]methanone” “N-(5-benzoyl-4 phenyl-1 3-thiazol -2-yl)-2-(4 ethylsulfonylphenyl)acetamide)” “(R)-(6-hydroxy-2-(4 hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)(4-(2-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)methanone” “2,4′-Bis(benzyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-trans-chalcone” |
SARS-CoV-2 | In silico | Bindings affinities of −66.125 (kJ/mol), −59.589 (kJ/mol), −66.728 (kJ/mol), −87.962 (kJ/mol), respectively | Inhibition of 3CLPro | [58] |
| “(E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[4-(morpholin-4-yl) phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one” | SARS-CoV-2 | In silico | Binding affinity of the chalcone with 7BQY was −7.0 kcal/mol | Inhibition of Mpro | [60] |
| Xanthoangelol E (3-prenylated chalcones) “(E)-1-[3-(2-hydroperoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one” | SARS-CoV-2 | In vitro | IC50 values of 11.4 μM (3CLpro) and 1.2 μM (PLpro) | Inhibition of SARS-CoV PLpro and 3CLpro | [62] |
| Isobavachalcone “(E)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one)” Helichrysetin “(E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one” |
MERS-CoV | In silico, In vitro | IC50 of 35.85 and 67.04 μM, respectively | Inhibition of MERS-CoV 3CLpro | [63] |
| Panduratin A “(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-[(1R,2S,6R)-3-methyl-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-phenylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methanone” | SARS-CoV-2 | In vitro | Post-infection: IC50 0.81 μΜ, Pre-entry: 5.30 μΜ | Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and infectivity both before entrance and after infection | [64] |
SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration.