Fig. 4.

Treatment with LA decreases redox misbalance in Atp7a^−/− preadipocytes. Oxidation of the GRX-roGFP2 redox sensor in (A) cytosol, (B) mitochondria, and (C) nuclei of WT and KO preadipocytes after 10 d of treatment with 10 µM BCS or 5 µM LA (the number of cells in each group is > 40; n = 3). (D) Average oxidation of peptidoforms of WT and KO preadipocytes after 5 d of treatment with 5 µM LA estimated with quantitative redox proteomics. Peptides found in all treatment groups with a SD of mean less than 0.1 were selected for comparison. (E) Spare respiratory capacity (SRC) of WT and KO preadipocytes after 48 h treatment with 10 µM BCS or 5 µM LA. (F) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of KO preadipocytes after 48 h treatment with 10 µM BCS (blue) or 5 µM LA (orange) compared to nontreated KO cells (black). Data in E and (F) are mean ± SEM. (G) Representative western blot and (H and I) densitometric analysis of lipoylated proteins Dlat and Dlst in WT and KO cells. For panels (A–F): comparison with WT cells are shown with asterisks (*) and comparison with nontreated KO cells with sharps (#);*, # – P-value < 0.05; ** P-value < 0.01; ****, #### P-value < 0.0001.