TABLE 4.

Comparison of clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit during the pre-antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program and AMS periods.

	AMS (n = 526)	Pre-AMS (n = 487)	p-value
Primary outcomes
Use of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams as empirical treatment (≥2 days), n (%)	231 (43.92)	297 (60.99)	<0.001
Use of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams as definitive treatment (≥2 days), n (%)	226 (42.97)	199 (40.86)	0.524
DOT of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams (day/patients), mean (SD)	8.85 ± 7.10	8.7 ± 6.43	0.780
Secondary outcomes, n (%)
Mortality	55 (10.46)	60 (12.32)	0.373
All-cause readmissions	28 (5.32)	12 (2.46)	0.023
Readmissions due to the same cause as the previous admission	13 (2.47)	9 (1.85)	0.526
Prescription adjustment patients	245 (46.58)	198 (40.66)	0.058
Prescription adjustment number (mean, IQR),items	0 (0,2)	0 (0,1)	<0.001
Appropriate de-escalation	147 (27.95)	112 (22.30)	0.072
Adverse drug reactions	60 (11.41)	63 (12.94)	0.501

AMS: antimicrobial stewardship; DOT: Days of therapy.