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. 2023 Oct 5;6(12):e202302148. doi: 10.26508/lsa.202302148

Figure 5. Activation of COX-2 mediates HIF-1ɑ–dependent glucose metabolism reprogramming and M1 polarization in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs).

Figure 5.

(A, B) mRNA (A) and protein expressions (B) of COX-2 in MDMs after HIV-1 infection for 48 h. β-Actin was used as the normalization control in Western blot analysis. (Statistical analysis was performed using a t test, **P < 0.001.) (C, D, E, F, G, H, I) MDMs were pretreated with meloxicam (50 μM) for 2 h; then, HIV-1 particles were added to incubate for another 48 h. COX-2 expression (C), lactate production (D), key glycolytic gene expression (E), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression ((F), scale bar, 300 μm), and M1 polarization (H, I) were measured. (G) Quantification of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α fluorescence intensity. (Statistical analysis was performed using a t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001).