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. 2023 Sep 18;36:102424. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102424

Table 1.

The Newcastle- Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale of the included studies.

Author, year Selection comparability outcome Study quality
Gerage et al, 2019 * * * - * * Good
Hernandez et al, 2019 * * * * Fair
Whipple et al, 2019 * * * * Fair
Whipple et al, 2020 * * * * Fair
Parson et al, 2016 * * * * * Good
Laslovich et al, 2020 * * * * * * Good
Delaney et al, 2013 * * * * * Good
Kulinski et al,2015 * * * * * * Good
Gardner et al,2021 * * * * * Good
Unkart et al, 2020 * * * * * Good

Table 1: The table presents the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) assessing risk of bias in 3 domains (selection, comparability, and outcome) with an overall judgment of study quality (poor, fair or good). An increased number of stars can imply decreased bias.