Table 4.
Summary of Major (Gertzbein and Robbins Grade ≥ C) Pedicle Breach.
| Level | Laterality | Accuracy | Direction | PH (mm) | TPA (°) | MSL (cm) | PW (mm) | Actual SL* (mm) | Screw width (mm) | Breech Distance (mm) | Surgeon Observations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Right | C | Medial | 6.9 | 40.8 | 33.4 | 5.1 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | Large osteophyte |
| C4 | Right | C | Medial | 6.9 | 41.7 | 37.8 | 4.5 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | Skive |
| C6 | Right | C | Lateral | 5.5 | 42.5 | 35.2 | 7.2 | 20.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | Skive |
| C3 | Left | C | Medial | 6.1 | 40.3 | 35.7 | 5.7 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 | Cortical pedicle |
| C4 | Left | C | Medial | 5.7 | 43.1 | 36.1 | 5.3 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 2.5 | Cortical pedicle |
| C5 | Left | C | Medial | 7.6 | 44.9 | 42.9 | 6.7 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | Cortical pedicle |
| C4 | Right | C | Medial | 6.9 | 41.5 | 38.6 | 5.1 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 2.2 | Resistance |
| C3 | Right | D | Medial | 5.8 | 37.5 | 37.3 | 5.5 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | Resistance |
| C2 | Right | E | Lateral | 7.9 | 50.6 | 26.9 | 6.0 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 7.3 | Skive |
| C5 | Right | E | Medial | 7.5 | 42.6 | 49.3 | 7.5 | 20.0 | 3.0 | 7.7 | Large osteophyte |
Abbreviations: L, left; MSL, maximal screw length; PH, pedicle height; PW, pedicle width; R, right; SL, screw length; TPA, transverse pedicle angle; *Length of the screw that was used.