Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Primary Outcomes and Specific Complications by Presence or Absence of Computer Assisted Surgery.
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navigated, n (%) | Conventional, n (%) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| (N = 161) | (N = 3029) | ||||
| Primary outcomes | |||||
| Readmission a | 16 (11.9%) | 203 (8.4%) | .162 | 1.519 (0.831, 2.775) | .174 |
| Reoperation | 16 (9.9%) | 159 (5.2%) | .011 | 1.792 (1.004, 3.197) | .048 |
| Days to reoperation | 17.9 (9.6) | 13.9 (9.0) | .112 | ||
| Morbidity | 93 (57.8%) | 1417 (46.8%) | .007 | 0.704 (0.460, 1.078) | .107 |
| Specific complications | |||||
| Wound complication | 6 (3.7%) | 117 (3.9%) | .930 | ||
| Pulmonary complication | 13 (8.1%) | 160 (5.3%) | .127 | ||
| Urinary tract infection | 7 (4.3%) | 85 (2.8%) | .228 b | ||
| Stroke | 0 | 17 (0.6%) | 1.000 b | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 3 (1.9%) | 16 (0.5%) | .068 b | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 1 (0.6%) | 16 (0.5%) | .586 b | ||
| Transfusion | 84 (52.2%) | 1267 (41.8%) | .010 | 0.656 (0.426, 1.010) | .056 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 4 (2.5%) | 49 (1.6%) | .341 b | ||
| Sepsis/septic shock | 6 (3.7%) | 69 (2.3%) | .275 b | ||
Bold values indicate significance (P < .05). Wound complication includes superficial, deep, and organ-space wound infection and dehiscence. Pulmonary complication includes pneumonia, reintubation, pulmonary embolism, and prolonged ventilation. Data from the complete multivariate analyses for readmission, reoperation, and morbidity are provided in Tables 3–5, respectively.
aReadmission data were not collected by NSQIP until 2011; all patients included from 2011 to 2018 had readmission data: Of those 2554 patients, 135 (5.3%) had navigation and 2419 (94.7%) did not.
bFisher’s exact test.