Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of minimally invasive cardiac surgery and full sternotomy patients by procedure type∗
| Characteristic | Surgical approach |
P value ⍺ = 0.05 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full sternotomy (n = 124) | Minimally-invasive surgery (n = 368) | ||
| Baseline demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 63 (55-70) | 66 (58-73) | 0.014 |
| Female | 37 (29.84) | 165 (44.84) | 0.004 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 18 (14.52) | 28 (7.61) | 0.013 |
| Race | 0.265 | ||
| White | 61 (49.19) | 211 (57.65) | |
| Black | 11 (8.87) | 17 (4.64) | |
| Asian | 5 (4.03) | 16 (4.37) | |
| Other (eg, Hispanic ethnicity) | 44 (35.48) | 106 (28.96) | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 14 (11.48) | 77 (21.15) | 0.018 |
| Body mass index | 27.98 (24.28-33.23) | 27.68 (24.38-31.63) | 0.452 |
| Congestive heart failure | 39 (31.45) | 94 (25.54) | 0.200 |
| Prior CVA | 2 (1.63) | 14 (5.34) | 0.088 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 17 (13.71) | 40 (10.87) | 0.153 |
| Chronic lung disease ≥ moderate | 21 (16.91) | 28 (7.61) | 0.003 |
| Chronic renal failure | 2 (1.61) | 7 (1.90) | 0.835 |
| Cigarette smoking | 0.734 | ||
| History | 41 (33.06) | 113 (30.71) | |
| Current at time of surgery | 14 (11.29) | 32 (8.70) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 32 (25.81) | 74 (20.11) | 0.182 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 58 (55-63) | 60 (55-63) | 0.639 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 98 (79.03) | 277 (75.27) | 0.395 |
| Hypercholesterolemia n (%) | 38 (30.89) | 179 (49.18) | <0.001 |
| NYHA functional class ≥III | 25 (20.16) | 58 (15.76) | 0.258 |
| STS PROM score (%) | 1.36 (0.7-2.99) | 1.32 (0.87-2.25) | 0.733 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). CVA, Cerebrovascular accident; NYHA, New York Heart Association; STS PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons predictive risk of mortality.
∗
All bold font indicates statistically significant difference at a P-value of 0.05.