. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 6.

Published in final edited form as: Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Oct 8;22(10):1795–1804. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa032

Table 3.

Differences by Condition in Warning Reactions

Condition	Description	Perceived informativeness		Perceived understandability		Perceived factualness
Condition	Description	Mean (SD)	Coeff. (95% CI)	Mean (SD)	Coeff. (95% CI)	% endorsing	OR (95% CI)

0 (Control)	Average of the four SG warnings	4.94 (1.65)	REF	5.83 (1.54)	REF	86.1%	REF
1	Addictive	4.90 (1.65)	−0.05 (−0.22, 0.11)	6.06 (1.34)	0.39 (0.25, 0.53)^a	86.4%	1.07 (0.78, 1.45)
2	Harm children	5.36 (1.52)	0.54 (0.38, 0.69)^a	6.24 (1.19)	0.52 (0.38, 0.66)^a	83.1%	0.94 (0.70, 1.27)
3	Kill you	4.95 (1.75)	0.17 (0.00, 0.34)	5.92 (1.57)	0.42 (0.27, 0.57)^a	85.5%	0.99 (0.73, 1.34)
4	Fatal lung disease in nonsmokers	5.43 (1.54)	0.69 (0.54, 0.84)^a	5.98 (1.47)	0.41 (0.27, 0.56)^a	77.5%	0.70 (0.53, 0.92)^a
5	Quit now	4.61 (1.59)	−0.33 (−0.49, −0.17)^a	5.82 (1.43)	0.12 (−0.04, 0.27)	87.9%	1.01 (0.75, 1.37)
6	Head and neck cancer	5.68 (1.40)	0.78 (0.63, 0.92)^a	6.14 (1.27)	0.44 (0.30, 0.58)^a	71.6%	0.53 (0.41, 0.68)^a
7	Bladder cancer	5.81 (1.41)	0.95 (0.81, 1.09)^a	6.13 (1.38)	0.46 (0.32, 0.60)^a	66.0%	0.43 (0.33, 0.55)^a
8	Stunt fetal growth	5.59 (1.38)	0.91 (0.77, 1.05)^a	6.15 (1.33)	0.58 (0.45, 0.71)^a	83.9%	0.93 (0.69, 1.25)
9	Clogged arteries	5.65 (1.41)	0.88 (0.74, 1.03)^a	6.15 (1.29)	0.55 (0.41, 0.68)^a	85.2%	1.14 (0.83, 1.57)
10	COPD 1^b	5.55 (1.37)	0.76 (0.62, 0.90)^a	6.14 (1.27)	0.47 (0.34, 0.61)^a	85.4%	1.23 (0.89, 1.70)
11	COPD 2^c	5.52 (1.39)	0.77 (0.63, 0.92)^a	6.24 (1.17)	0.53 (0.40, 0.67)^a	83.8%	1.26 (0.91, 1.73)
12	Erectile dysfunction	5.77 (1.35)	0.95 (0.81, 1.09)^a	6.18 (1.19)	0.47 (0.33, 0.61)^a	72.4%	0.53 (0.41, 0.69)^a
13	Amputation	5.95 (1.25)	1.13 (0.99, 1.26)^a	6.25 (1.39)	0.60 (0.46, 0.74)^a	76.7%	0.66 (0.50, 0.86)^a
14	Diabetes	5.68 (1.40)	0.90 (0.76, 1.04)^a	6.21 (1.22)	0.54 (0.40, 0.67)^a	64.0%	0.44 (0.34, 0.56)^a
15	Macular degeneration	5.86 (1.37)	1.12 (0.99, 1.26)^a	6.12 (1.40)	0.44 (0.29, 0.58)^a	73.7%	0.59 (0.45, 0.77)^a
16	Cataracts	5.67 (1.35)	0.86 (0.72, 1.00)^a	6.17 (1.30)	0.47 (0.33, 0.61)^a	65.5%	0.38 (0.30, 0.49)^a

CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR = odds ratio; SD = standard deviation; SG = Surgeon General’s warning. Percentages represent the proportion of participants within each condition who endorsed that the warning was factual. Regressions control for age group and smoking status.

Significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.

Image of diseased lungs.

Image of man with oxygen.