TABLE 3.

Annual percentage changes in cancer death rates by rural–urban status and cancer site among females aged ≥25 years in the United States, 1999–2020.

Cause of Death	AAPC	Segment 1		Segment 2		Segment 3
Urban
All malignant cancers	−1.56 (−1.64, −1.48)	1999–2003	−1.24 (−1.55, −0.93)	2003–2016	−1.52 (−1.58, −1.47)	2016–2020	−2.29 (−2.29, −1.70)
Female breast	−1.69 (−1.81, −1.56)	1999–2013	−1.93 (−2.03, −1.83)	2013–2020	−1.21 (−1.56, −0.86)	N/A	N/A
Cervix uteri	−1.28 (−1.51, −1.06)	1999–2004	−2.66 (−3.50, −1.81)	2004–2020	−0.85 (−1.02, −0.68)	N/A	N/A
Colon and rectum	−2.74 (−2.91, −2.57)	1999–2012	−3.13 (−3.32, −2.95)	2012–2020	−2.09 (−2.46, −1.72)	N/A	N/A
Corpus and uterus, NOS	1.11 (0.83, 1.40)	1999–2008	0.23 (−0.13, 0.60)	2008–2016	2.20 (1.70, 2.70)	2016–2020	0.95 (−0.08, 1.98)
Kidney and renal Pelvis	−1.38 (−1.83, −0.93)	1999–2003	0.56 (−1.67, 2.84)	2003–2020	−1.83 (−2.12, −1.55)	N/A	N/A
Leukemia	−1.58 (−1.90, −1.26)	1999–2004	−1.75 (−2.58, −0.92)	2004–2011	−0.76 (−1.44, −0.07)	2011–2020	−2.12 (−2.53, −1.70)
Liver and intrahepatic Bile	1.60 (1.27, 1.93)	1999–2008	1.54 (1.11, 1.98)	2008–2014	2.93 (2.03, 3.85)	2014–2020	0.37 (−0.23, 0.98)
Lung and bronchus	−2.25 (−2.42, −2.08)	1999–2006	−0.37 (−0.70, −0.04)	2006–2014	−2.16 (−2.45, −1.88)	2014–2020	−4.51 (−4.89, −4.13)
Myeloma	−1.57 (−2.10, −1.04)	1999–2009	−2.11 (−2.53, −1.70)	2009–2014	0.39 (−1.50, 2.33)	2014–2020	−2.30 (−3.37, −1.22)
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma	−3.19 (−3.38, −3.01)	1999–2004	−3.97 (−4.61, −3.32)	2004–2020	−2.95 (−3.11, −2.79)	N/A	N/A
Ovary	−1.96 (−2.25, −1.66)	1999–2003	0.25 (−0.66, 1.16)	2003–2016	−2.25 (−2.44, −2.05)	2016–2020	−3.17 (−4.43, −1.90)
Pancreas	0.11 (−0.01, 0.24)	1999–2008	0.37 (0.13, 0.60)	2008–2020	−0.08 (−0.23, 0.07)	N/A	N/A
Stomach	−2.37 (−2.58, −2.17)	1999–2008	−3.05 (−3.38, −2.71)	2008–2020	−1.87 (−2.15, −1.58)	N/A	N/A
Urinary bladder	−0.81 (−1.02, −0.61)	1999–2020	−0.81 (−1.02, −0.61)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rural
All malignant cancers	−0.93 (−1.03, −0.82)	1999–2015	−0.80 (−0.88, −0.73)	2015–2020	−1.31 (−1.73, −0.90)	N/A	N/A
Female breast	−1.32 (−1.49, −1.14)	1999–2008	−1.68 (−2.00, −1.36)	2008–2020	−1.04 (−1.26, −0.82)	N/A	N/A
Cervix uteri	−1.15 (−1.80, −0.51)	1999–2003	−4.80 (−7.83, −1.66)	2003–2020	−0.28 (−0.69, 0.13)	N/A	N/A
Colon and rectum	−2.10 (−2.40, −1.80)	1999–2005	−2.98 (−3.94, −2.02)	2005–2020	−1.74 (−1.97, −1.51)	N/A	N/A
Corpus and uterus, NOS	0.92 (0.67, 1.17)	1999–2020	0.92 (0.67, 1.17)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Kidney and renal pelvis	−0.69 (−0.99, −0.38)	1999–2020	−0.69 (−0.99, −0.38)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Leukemia	−1.35 (−1.54, −1.17)	1999–2020	−1.35 (−1.54, −1.17)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Liver and intrahepatic bile	1.73 (0.62, 2.85)	1999–2008	0.23 (−1.03, 1.50)	2008–2013	4.80 (0.68, 9.09)	2013–2020	1.52 (0.03, 3.02)
Lung and bronchus	−0.79 (−1.10, −0.48)	1999–2007	1.03 (0.56, 1.50)	2007–2014	−1.10 (−1.75, −0.44)	2014–2020	−2.80 (−3.45, −2.14)
Myeloma	−1.40 (−1.67, −1.13)	1999–2020	−1.40 (−1.67, −1.13)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma	−2.98 (−3.24, −2.73)	1999–2004	−4.19 (−5.11, −3.27)	2004–2020	−2.60 (−2.83, −2.38)	N/A	N/A
Ovary	−1.78 (−2.28, −1.28)	1999–2004	0.47 (−1.13, 2.10)	2004–2013	−1.92 (−2.59, −1.25)	2013–2020	−3.19 (−4.01, −2.36)
Pancreas	0.55 (0.45, 0.65)	1999–2020	0.55 (0.45, 0.65)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Stomach	−2.16 (−2.50, −1.83)	1999–2020	−2.16 (−2.50, −1.83)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Urinary bladder	−0.04 (−0.33, 0.25)	1999–2020	−0.04 (−0.33, 0.25)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Note: Segments were chosen by joinpoint regression. Boldfaced cell indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Abbreviations: AAPC, average annual percentage change; APC, annual percentage change; N/A, not applicable.