Table 4:

Outcome metrics comparing the exAPD algorithm versus the exMPC algorithm across the entire 76 h study

	exAPD	exMPC	Difference	P value (exAPD vs exMPC)	P value (sequence)	P value (period)
% time below range (<3·9 mmol/L)*	1·30 (2·16)	0·96 (1·21)	−0·33 (1·92)	0·47	0·53	0·98
% time in range (3·9–10·0 mmol/L)	75·5 (10·7)	71·2 (16·1)	−4·3 (16·4)	0·13	0·28	0·81
% high glucose (>10 mmol/L)	23·2 (10·9)	27·8 (16·0)	4·6 (16·5)	0·10	0·31	0·80
% very low glucose (<3·0 mmol/L)	0·13 (0·33)	0·05 (0·15)	−0·08 (0·33)
% very high glucose (>13·9 mmol/L)*	4·5 (5·7)	7·0 (10·9)	2·5 (11·6)	0·27	0·17	0·92
Mean glucose (mmol/L)†	8·5 (0·9)	8·8 (1·3)	0·32 (1·3)	0·17	0·34	0·56
Rescue carbohydrate (count per day)‡	1·03 (1·34)	0·65 (0·84)	−0·38 (1·15)	0·14	0·17	0·59
Insulin (units per day)§	40·8 (16·0)	44·6 (22·6)	3·8 (11·4)	0·25	0·61	0·162

Data are mean or difference (SD). The p value for sequence indicates the significance of the sequence of doing the exAPD versus exMPC first. The p value for the period indicates whether the order of doing the intervention, regardless of the type, was significant. exAPD=exercise-aware adaptive proportional derivative. exMPC=exercise-aware model predictive control.

^*p values estimated using bootstrapped standard errors.

^†p values from mixed effects regression model on inverse-transformed glucose (mmol).

^‡p values from negative binomial (count) regression model.

^§p values from model with log (insulin per day) as outcome.