Table 4.
Unstandardized results for the culture multiple group model.
| Colombia | Italy, Naples | Italy, Rome | Jordan | Kenya | Philippines | Sweden | Thailand | U.S.-Black | U.S.-White | U.S.-Latinx | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother Individualism | |||||||||||
| Mother Education | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.05) * | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) |
| Number of Children | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.10 (0.04) * | −0.07 (0.03) * | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Father Individualism | |||||||||||
| Mother Education | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.05) ** | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) |
| Father Education | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | 0.07 (0.04) * | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.06 (0.02) ** |
| Religious Importance | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | 0.10 (0.04) * | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.04) * | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) |
| Mother Collectivism | |||||||||||
| Mother Age | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | −0.06 (0.03) * | −0.06 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Father Age | −0.07 (0.03) * | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Mother Education | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.08 (0.03) ** | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Father Education | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | 0.04 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * |
| Family Income | 0.06 (0.01) *** | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.01) *** | 0.06 (0.01) *** | −0.07 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.01) *** | 0.06 (0.01) *** | 0.06 (0.01) *** | 0.06 (0.01) *** | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.01) *** |
| Religious Importance | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.10 (0.02) *** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** | 0.03 (0.01) ** |
| Number of Children | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.08 (0.04) * | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Father Collectivism | |||||||||||
| Father Age | 0.05 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * | −0.04 (0.02) * |
| Mother Education | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | 0.14 (0.04) ** | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) |
| Number of Children | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.11 (0.04) * | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Mother Progressive Attitudes | |||||||||||
| Father Age | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.05 (0.02) * | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Mother Education | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.12 (0.03) *** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.03) *** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** |
| Religious Importance | −0.02 (0.01) * | 0.06 (0.03) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * | −0.02 (0.01) * |
| Father Progressive Attitudes | |||||||||||
| Mother Age | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | −0.05 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * |
| Father Education | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | −0.12 (0.04) ** | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.14 (0.03) *** | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * | 0.03 (0.01) * |
| Family Income | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.04) * | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Religious Importance | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.03) * | −0.06 (0.02) ** | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.10 (0.03) ** | −0.00 (0.01) |
| Mother Authoritarian Attitudes | |||||||||||
| Mother Education | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** | −0.11 (0.01) *** |
| Father Education | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.11 (0.04) ** | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) |
| Family Income | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.10 (0.04) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.12 (0.03) *** | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * |
| Religious Importance | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | −0.04 (0.02) * | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** | 0.05 (0.01) *** |
| Father Authoritarian Attitudes | |||||||||||
| Mother Education | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** | −0.04 (0.01) ** |
| Father Education | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** | −0.10 (0.01) *** |
| Family Income | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.10 (0.04) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.16 (0.04) *** | −0.03 (0.01) * | −0.03 (0.01) * |
| Religious Importance | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** | 0.04 (0.01) ** |
Note. Child gender, mother age, father age, religious importance, number of adults in the household, number of children in the household, mother education, father education, and family income were included as predictors in all models. Only predictors that were significant in one or more groups are included in the table.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.