Table 3.

Identified potential risk factors of perpetrators of child labour maltreatment.

Sl. No.	Theme	Sub-theme	Codes
1	Adverse childhood experiences	History of childhood maltreatment	4
		Complex childhood psycho-social development	5
2	Illiteracy and perpetrators' attitude	Education matters	10
3	Limited knowledge and awareness	Lack of familial and social awareness	16
		Employers' level of social awareness	3
		No knowledge of child health and development	2
		No formal parenting skill	4
		Not aware of laws	4
4	Emotional functioning and coping mechanism	Psycho-traumatic history	3
		Low stress coping capacity	2
		Parents' mental stress	3
5	Treated as “stigmatized group”	Weak moral guiding code	2
		Narcissism and lack of empathy	2
		Possessive style	3
6	Economic instability	Unemployed parents	11
		Low profit margin	5