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. 2023 Oct 6;13:311. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02577-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — AUD alcohol use disorder. No past history of AUD: no lifetime history. Current AUD Symptoms: have AUD symptoms at the time of COVID-19 assessments. Remitted AUD-Drinking: in remission with no AUD symptoms besides craving but are drinking. Remitted AUD-Abstinent: in remission and have not consumed alcohol for 5+ years.