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. 2023 Oct 6;14:5651. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40570-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Eumelanin (a) and phaeomelanin (b) marker concentrations in samples of melanosomes. Fossil feathers are from the early bird Confuciusornis and the feathered dinosaur Sinornithosaurus from the Jehol biota. Fossil frog samples are of internal melanosomes from Pelophylax pueyoi from the Libros biota. PTCA pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, PDCA pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, PTeCA pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, BZ benzothiazole, TTCA thiazole-2,4,5-tricarboxylic acid, TDCA thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Sinornithosaurus and Confuciusornis silhouettes by Conty (modified by T. Slater). Used under an Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC by 3.0) license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.