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. 2023 Oct 6;14:5651. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40570-w

Table 2.

AHPO-HPLC data for individual melanin marker concentrations (ng/mg) in black, rufous and white feathers

Eumelanin markers Phaeomelanin markers
Feather type HCl pre-treatment PTCA PDCA PTeCA PTeCA: PTCA TTCA TDCA TTCA: TDCA BZ-AA 4-AHP
Black Untreated no

1531

± 203

138

± 38

505

± 87

0.33

± 0.03

101

± 31

75

± 23

1.6

± 0.96

8

± 0.93

20

± 14

yes

463

± 111

83

± 21

443

± 79

1.01

± 0.31

17

± 5

54

± 24

0.34

± 0.08

X X
200 °C no

1427

± 239

198

± 50

521

± 156

0.36

± 0.06

69

± 20

154

± 54

0.46

± 0.09

11

± 2

28

± 18

250 °C no

367

± 133

226

± 45

226

± 75

0.66

± 0.22

51

± 15

109

± 34

0.51

± 0.22

140

± 42

25

± 9

yes

289

± 85

108

± 22

305

± 77

1.07

± 0.09

19

± 7

64

± 22

0.31

± 0.1

X X
Rufous Untreated no

209

± 62

86

± 22

14

± 4

0.07

± 0.04

1032

± 169

139

± 63

9.2

± 4

2598

± 346

3907

± 961

yes

59

± 11

16

± 5

9

± 4

0.14

± 0.05

356

± 33

143

± 27

2.6

± 0.5

X X
200 °C no

146

± 20

91

± 55

21

± 5

0.14

± 0.02

1149

± 350

555

± 206

2.12

± 0.22

1613

± 383

1603

± 553

250 °C no

80

± 41

110

± 24

45

± 11

0.70

± 0.3

673

± 128

647

± 108

1.03

± 0.11

384

± 102

185

± 74

yes

100

± 20

39

± 11

56

± 9

0.59

± 0.17

612

± 80

456

± 77

1.4

± 0.4

X X
White Untreated no 7 ± 1 2 ± 1 10 ± 3 1.5 ± 1 10 ± 4 3 ± 1 3.89 ± 2.47 8 ± 1 3 ± 2
yes 3 ± 1 2 ± 0 3 ± 0 1.13 ± 0.33 8 ± 3 5 ± 1 1.59 ± 0.19 X X
200 °C no 8 ± 0 5 ± 2 9 ± 3 1.22 ± 0.43 14 ± 8 4 ± 0 3.23 ± 1.81 8 ± 1 2 ± 1
250 °C no 24 ± 9 42 ± 17 19 ± 4 0.82 ± 0.12 23 ± 2 22 ± 5 1.09 ± 0.31 81 ± 36 16 ± 9
yes 73 ± 22 36 ± 6 43 ± 15 0.60 ± 0.11 11 ± 1 11 ± 5 1.24 ± 0.60 X X
Percentage change in marker concentration relative to untreated samples
Black 200 °C no −7 +44 +3 +10 −32 +105 −71 +34 +41
250 °C no −76 +64 -55 +99 −50 +45 −69 +1620 +28
yes −37 +31 -31 +5 +14 +19 −10 X X
Rufous 200 °C no −30 −46 +53 +94 +11 +299 −77 −38 −59
250 °C no −62 +29 +231 +855 −35 +365 −89 −85 −95
yes +69 +140 +530 +311 +72 +219 −45 X X
White 200 °C no +9 +108 -9 −20 +43 +35 −17 0 -6
250 °C no +251 +1595 +85 −46 +125 +575 −72 +914 +501
yes +2328 +1934 +1250 −47 +30 +117 −22 X X

Mean and standard deviation data for individual melanin markers in untreated and experimentally matured black and rufous (each n = 5; Gallus gallus) and white (n = 4; Egretta garzetta) feathers following alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation (AHPO) and hydroiodic (HI) acid hydrolysis. Percentage data denote the mean change in concentrations of specific markers between untreated feathers and those matured at 200 °C and 250 °C. PTCA pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, PDCA pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, PTeCA pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, TTCA thiazole-2,4,5-tricarboxylic acid, TDCA thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, BZ-AA benzothiazole amino acid, 4-AHP 4-amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.