Fig. 2. PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combined with IR led to more serious DNA damage and more serious oxidative stress compared with the utilization of either modality alone.

A γ-H2AX expression in cells treated with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combined with or without IR were detected by immunofluorescence. B The expression of p-Nfr2 (S40) in cells treated with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combined with or without IR were detected by immunofluorescence. C γ-H2AX expression in cells treated with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combined with or without IR were quantitatively analyzed. D The level of p-Nfr2 (S40) in cells treated with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combined with or without IR were quantitatively analyzed. E NADPH level in cells treated with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combined with or without IR was detected. F–H ROS level of SBC2 cells across different groups was detected using MitoSOX Red, and the mean level of ROS were calculated.