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. 2023 Aug 26;9(9):e19479. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19479

Table 1.

Summary of Preparedness Level connecting to Pre-return and Post Return Condition.

Level of preparedness Pre-return condition Post return condition
Motivation Resources mobilization Length of stay Reintegration Process
High level of preparedness
  • Migration objectives are reached

  • Perceived positive changes in destination

  • Economic improvements at home generates new opportunities

  • Tangible resources (i. e., savings, land)

  • Intangible resources (i.e., knowledge, skills, enterprise)

  • Social capital (i.e., relationship, contacts)

On average, from 4 to 12 years
  • Adaptation and negotiation

Low level of preparedness
  • Migration objectives could not be reached as planned

  • Unexpected economic shocks at destination

  • Tangible resources (i.e., few savings)

On average, from 6 months to 3 years
  • Households and relatives provide financial support

  • Limited resources can be invested as a result of migration experience

No preparedness
  • Unexpected family events at home

  • No work

  • Low Income

  • Non-existent

On average, less than 6 months
  • Difficult condition at home

  • Re migration may be envisaged