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. 2023 Aug 24;10(28):2302798. doi: 10.1002/advs.202302798

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Restorative effects of glycine‐induced B. acidifaciens EVs on colonic epithelial barrier function in vitro. A) Morphology with or without glycine‐induced B. acidifaciens EVs as per TEM and size distribution analyzed by NTA. Scale bar, 50 nm. B) Dil (red)‐labeled B. acidifaciens EV uptake by Caco‐2 cells. Scale bars, 200 and 50 µm. C) The effect of EVs on the expression of key proteins of the MLCK/p‐MLC signaling pathway in Caco‐2 cells (n = 4). D–F) The effect of EVs on the expression of TJ proteins (ZO‐1, Occludin) in Caco‐2 cells was evaluated by western blotting (E, n = 4) and immunofluorescence (F,G) (n = 6). Scale bar, 50 µm. C, control group; LPS, LPS‐induced group; EV, EV‐treated group; GEV, GEV‐treated group; EVs, extracellular vesicles; GEV, glycine‐induced B. acidifaciens extracellular vesicles; EV, without induction B. acidifaciens extracellular vesicles. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001.