Table 10.

Results for each algorithm in the tension/compression spring experiment

Algorithm	D	D	N	Best Cost
PSMADE	0.051687035	0.356669002	11.29182369	0.012665233
GA	0.051480	0.351661	11.632201	0.0127048
WOA	0.051207	12.0043032	0.345215	0.0126763
GWO	0.055172952	0.44276283	7.681401301	0.013048537
SCADE	0.05	0.31447915	15	0.013365364
Constraint correction	0.053396	901854000	0.399180	0.0127303
Mathematical Optimization	0.050000	14.250000	0.315900	0.0128334