Table A1.
PRISMA 2009 checklist [11].
| Section/Topic | Number | Checklist Item | Reported | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | ||||
| Title | 1 | Determine whether the study is a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both. | Yes | |
| Abstract | ||||
| Structured summary | 2 | Offer a structured summary including: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; and systematic review registration number. | Yes | |
| Introduction | ||||
| Rationale | 3 | Report the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known. | Yes Section 1.2. |
|
| Objectives | 4 | Offer an explicit statement of questions being addressed with respect to participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design. | Yes Section 1.3. |
|
| Methods | ||||
| Protocol and registration | 5 | Report whether a review protocol exists, where it can be accessed, and, if available, report registration number. | ||
| Eligibility criteria | 6 | Describe study characteristics and report characteristics used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale. | Yes Section 2.1. |
|
| Information sources | 7 | Report all information sources in the search and date last searched. | Yes Section 2.2. |
|
| Search | 8 | Report full electronic search strategy for at least one database, reporting any limits used, so that it can be repeated. | Yes Section 2.3. |
|
| Study selection | 9 | Report the process for selecting studies. | Yes Section 2.4. |
|
| Data collection process | 10 | Report method of data extraction from reports and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators. | Yes Section 2.5. |
|
| Data items | 11 | Report all variables for which data were sought. | Yes Section 2.6. |
|
| Risk of bias in individual studies | 12 | Report methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies. | Yes Section 2.7. |
|
| Summary measures | 13 | Report the principal summary measures. | MA | |
| Synthesis of results | 14 | Report the methods of handling data and combining results of studies. | MA | |
| Risk of bias across studies | 15 | Report any assessment of risk of bias that may affect the cumulative evidence. | MA | |
| Additional analyses | 16 | Report methods of additional analyses. | MA | |
| Results | ||||
| Study selection | 17 | Report number of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram. | Yes Section 3.1. |
|
| Study characteristics | 18 | For each study, report characteristics for which data were extracted and offer the citations. | Yes Section 3.2. |
|
| Risk of bias within studies | 19 | Report data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12). | Yes Section 3.3. |
|
| Results of individual studies | 20 | For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), report, for each study. | MA | |
| Synthesis of results | 21 | Report results of each meta-analysis done. | MA | |
| Risk of bias across studies | 22 | Report results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15). | MA | |
| Additional analysis | 23 | Provide results of additional analyses, if done (see Item 16). | MA | |
| Discussion | ||||
| Summary of evidence | 24 | Outline the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome. | Yes Section 4.2. |
|
| Limitations | 25 | Discuss limitations. | Yes Section 4.3. |
|
| Conclusions | 26 | Offer a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research. | Yes Section 5. |
|
| Funding | ||||
| Funding | 27 | Report sources of funding for the systematic review and other support. | Yes | |
* Meta-analysis (MA).