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. 2023 Aug 29;9(9):e19579. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19579

Table 2.

Knowledge base of fruit and vegetable vendors.

Knowledge indicators Mean SD
X1 = Washing hands at work reduces the risk of external contamination 4.76 .62
X2 = While coughing or sneezing, it is necessary to cover your mouth 4.66 .55
X3 = Handlers with wounds, abrasions, and cuts should not be handling fruits and vegetables 4.67 .53
X4 = Good hygiene practices can help to avoid foodborne diseases 4.69 .50
X5 = A clean working environment is essential for the prevention of contamination 4.72 .51
X6 = Handlers with diseases such as diarrhea, flu, and sore throat risk fruit and vegetable contamination 4.65 .55
X7 = Wearing gloves while handling fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of contamination 4.68 .54
X8 = The use of a cap, masks, and adequate clothing can reduce the risk of contamination of fruits and vegetables 4.65 .51
X9 = Wearing adornments like earrings, rings, and watches can cause contamination 4.71 .49
X10 = Eating and drinking at the workplace increase the risk of food contamination 4.65 .55
X11 = Raw fruits and vegetables must be kept under a temperature of 40°F (4°C) in a refrigerator 4.63 .52
X12 = Raw fruits and vegetables are stored away from, and not next to or below, raw meat, poultry, and seafood 4.72 .45
X13 = Contaminated fruits and vegetables vary in color, texture, odor, or taste 4.66 .59
X14 = Unhygienic handling of fruits and vegetables can cause foodborne diseases 4.68 .52
X15 = Foodborne disease affects all, including infants, teenagers, pregnant women, and the elderly 4.74 .58
X16 = Cross-contamination is when microorganisms are transferred from the handler hands or utensils to another person 4.59 .62
X17 = Salmonella is among the foodborne pathogens 4.74 .50
X18 = Hepatitis A virus is among the foodborne pathogens 4.69 .57
X19 = Insects, such as cockroaches and flies, might transmit foodborne pathogens 4.76 .43
X20 = Healthy fruits and vegetable handlers may still carry foodborne pathogens 4.71 .48
X21 = Proper disposal of fruits and vegetable wastage reduces the risk of microbial spread and contamination 4.67 .60