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. 2023 Sep 1;9(9):e19627. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19627

Table 4.

VOCs affected by menstrual cycles.

VOC Functional group Kruskal-Wallis
Steel-Dwass
p-value p-value Phase
Cubital fossa
3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid Fatty acid 0.007 0.005 M-P
0.007 0.070 LL-P
Propanal Aldehyde 0.008 0.003 LL-M
1-hexanol Alcohol 0.018 0.021 LL-M
Butytic acid Fatty acid 0.025 0.020 M-ML
Heptanal Aldehyde 0.037 0.020 LL-ML
2-decanone Ketone 0.037 0.069 M-P
Methyl mercaptan Sulfur compound 0.038 ND
3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid Fatty acid 0.063 ND
Ethyl mercaptan Sulfur compound 0.065 0.049 M-ML
1-octanol Alcohol 0.068 ND
2-nonanone Ketone 0.098 ND
Armpit
Heptanoic acid Fatty acid 0.011 0.046 P-ML
0.072 LL-ML
Propanal Aldehyde 0.031 0.033 LL-M
0.031 0.057 M-P
2-dodecanone Ketone 0.044 0.067 LL-ML
Hexanoic acid Fatty acid 0.044 ND
Propionic acid Fatty acid 0.047 0.046 M-ML
2-nonanone Ketone 0.088 0.071 M-ML
1-heptanol Alcohol 0.089 ND
Allyl methyl disulfide Sulfur compound 0.098 ND

LL: late luteal; M: menstrual; ML: middle luteal; ND: no statistical difference; P: preovulatory; VOC: volatile organic compound.