Table 3.
Physiological effect of sleep on Biomarkers of muscle injury.
| Study | biomarker | Physiological effect | sleep stages |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSN | PSD | |||||
| Mejri, 2015 [178] | CK | CK increasing in post exercise of Yo-Yo intermittent test | PSDEN | PSDBN | ||
| * | ||||||
| Mejri, 2015 [178] | Lac | post-exercis → a slight decrease(Lac) → after PSDEN | * | |||
| Knutson, 2007 [179] | plasma GLC levels | early awakening → in greater glycogen depletion - higher plasma GLC levels- increased GLC →by greater insulin resistance | * | |||
| O'Neill, 2011 [180] | RBC and HB | At rest after PSDEN → < PSDBN and baseline | * | |||
| Abedelmalek, 2013 [181] | WBC and GR | the short-term high-intensity exercise after PSDEN→higher WBC and GR→the greater inflammation |
* | |||
| Rae, 2017 [182] | interleukin-6 – basophil |
during the recovery →remained elevated→ period after sleep deprivation |
* | |||
| Mejri, 2015 [178] | urea (URE) | Increased URE→increase in ammonia | * | |||
| Mejri, 2015 [178] | aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | (AST) increased→ More challenge from training for muscles and liver | * | |||
| Mejri, 2015 [178] | creatine kinase (CK)- monocyte (MO) |
higher resting | * | |||
| Alzoubi, 2012 [183] | glutathione peroxidase (GPx) | decrease in resting → post-exercise | * | |||
| Savic, 2015 [184] | superoxide dismutase (SOD) | sleep deprivation→ declined SOD | * | |||
NSN; normal sleep night, PSDEN; partial sleep deprivation at the end of the night, PSDBN; partial sleep deprivation at the beginning of the night.CK, creatine kinase,:WBC, wight blood cell: RBC, red blood cell.