Table 2.
Rainfed smallholder farmers lived experience of climate variability and change.
| Climate variables (observe changes in) | Gender |
Total (N = 410) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 303) | Female (n = 107) | ||
| Rainfall | |||
| Erratic rainfall | 152 (50.2) | 62 (57.9) | 214 (52.2) |
| Decrease rainfall | 102 (33.7) | 30 (28.0) | 132 (32.2) |
| Increase rainfall | 49 (16.2) | 15 (14.0) | 64 (15.6) |
| Temperature | |||
| No change in temperature | 51 (16.8) | 18 (16.8) | 69 (16.8) |
| Decrease temperature | 79 (26.1) | 24 (22.4) | 103 (25.1) |
| Increase temperature | 173 (57.1) | 65 (60.7) | 238 (58.0) |
| Rainfall onset | |||
| No change in onset | 30 (9.9) | 11 (10.3) | 41 (10) |
| Early-onset | 51 (16.8) | 15 (14.0) | 66 (16.1) |
| Late-onset | 222 (73.3) | 80 (74.7) | 302 (73.6) |
| Rainfall cessation | |||
| No change in cessation | 21 (6.9) | 16 (14.9) | 37 (9.0) |
| Early cessation | 225 (74.3) | 65 (60.7) | 290 (70.7) |
| Late cessation | 57 (18.8) | 26 (24.3) | 83 (20.2) |
| Length of the rainy season | |||
| No change in the length the of the rainy season | 52 (17.2) | 14 (13.1) | 66 (16.1) |
| Short rainy season | 177 (58.4) | 70 (65.4) | 247 (60.2) |
| Long rainy season | 74 (24.4) | 23 (21.5) | 97 (23.7) |
| Drought occurrence | |||
| No change in drought occurrence | 32 (10.6) | 17 (15.9) | 49 (12.0) |
| Decrease drought occurrence | 75 (24.8) | 28 (26.2) | 103 (25.0) |
| Increase drought occurrence | 196 (64.7) | 62 (57.9) | 258 (63.0) |
| Flood occurrence | |||
| No change in flood occurrence | 28 (22.4) | 11 (19.6) | 39 (9.5) |
| Decrease incidence of flood | 31 (30.0) | 32 (29.9) | 63 (15.4) |
| Increase incidence of flood | 244 (47.5) | 64 (50.47) | 308 (75.1) |
NB. Values in parenthesis are in percentage relative to the sub-total of males (303) and females (107) denoted by “n” and the sample population (410) denoted by “N”
Source: Author's construct (2022)