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. 2023 Sep 11;13(3):219–226. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2023.27

Table 5. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer across tertiles of dietary linoleic acid stratified based on menopausal and BMI status .

Variables Tertiles of dietary linoleic acid P -trend *
Tertile1 Tertile2 Tertile3
Menopausal status
Premenopausal
n 56 68 75
Crude 1 0.54 (0.24-1.24) 0.39 (0.17-0.93) 0.03
Model 1 1 0.38 (0.16-0.95) 0.19 (0.07-0.51) 0.001
Model 2a 1 0.40 (0.16-1.04) 0.18 (0.06-0.52) 0.002
Model 3 1 0.28 (0.10-0.79) 0.08 (0.02-0.39) 0.001
Model 4 1 0.20 (0.06-0.77) 0.15 (0.02-0.95) 0.03
Postmenopausal
n 294 282 275
Crude 1 0.38 (0.27-0.53) 0.43 (0.30-0.60)  < 0.001
Model 1 1 0.29 (0.20-0.42) 0.25 (0.17-0.37)  < 0.001
Model 2a 1 0.27 (0.18-0.40) 0.23 (0.15-0.35)  < 0.001
Model 3 1 0.38 (0.24-0.60) 0.67 (0.35-1.29) 0.07
Model 4 1 0.42 (0.26-0.68) 0.77 (0.39-1.53) 0.19
BMI status
Normal weight
n 234 206 183
Crude 1 0.48 (0.33-0.70) 0.40 (0.27-0.60)  < 0.001
Model 1 1 0.33 (0.22-0.51) 0.21 (0.13-0.33)  < 0.001
Model 2b 1 0.31 (0.20-0.48) 0.18 (0.11-0.30)  < 0.001
Model 3 1 0.37 (0.23-0.62) 0.29 (0.14-0.63)  < 0.001
Overweight or obese
n 116 144 167
Crude 1 0.24 (0.12-0.48) 0.57 (0.33-0.99) 0.07
Model 1 1 0.22 (0.10-0.45) 0.37 (0.20-0.69) 0.003
Model 2b 1 0.18 (0.08-0.39) 0.37 (0.19-0.72) 0.006
Model 3 1 0.30 (0.12-0.74) 2.02 (0.69-5.93) 0.29

Data are presented as OR and 95% CI.

Model 1: Adjusted for age and energy.

a Model 2: Additional adjustment for region, marital status, disease history, physical activity, family history of breast cancer, smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status.

b Model 2: Additional adjustment for region, marital status, disease history, physical activity, family history of breast cancer, smoking, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status and menopausal status.

Model 3: Additional adjustment for intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and vitamin E.

Model 4: Additional adjustment for BMI.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

*Obtained from binary logistic regression