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. 2023 Sep 1;9(9):e19771. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19771

Table 5.

Kao Cointegration test.

Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Model 5
Test statistic P-value Test statistic P-value Test statistic P-value Test statistic P-value Test statistic P-value
−3.548 0.000 −4.010 0.000 −3.725 0.000 −3.863 0.000 −3.702 0.000
“Cointegration exists" “Cointegration exists" “Cointegration exists" “Cointegration exists" “Cointegration exists"