Table 3.

Psychological distress and burnout symptom score model estimates and difference in differences

Outcome	Control (Waiting List)			Intervention (Lift)			DID	P Value
	Baseline	1 mo	Difference	Baseline	1 mo	Difference
PHQ-9	8.01 [7.09, 8.93]	7.27 [5.75, 8.80]	−0.74 [−2.27, 0.80]	8.01 [7.09, 8.93]	5.07 [3.95, 6.19]	−2.94 [−4.07, −1.82]	−2.21 [−3.99, −0.42]	0.016
GAD-7	6.81 [5.87, 7.75]	6.02 [4.57, 7.47]	−0.79 [−2.29, 0.71]	6.81 [5.87, 7.75]	4.62 [3.56, 5.67]	−2.19 [−3.31, −1.07]	−1.40 [−3.11, 0.30]	0.106
PSS-4	5.64 [5.24, 6.03]	4.66 [3.90, 5.43]	−0.97 [−1.80, −0.15]	5.64 [5.24, 6.03]	4.99 [4.45, 5.53]	−0.65 [−1.27, −0.02]	0.33 [−0.60, 1.26]	0.487
MBI Emotional Exhaustion	20.00 [18.54, 21.46]	17.81 [14.85, 20.76]	−2.19 [−5.14, 0.75]	20.00 [18.54, 21.46]	16.49 [14.34, 18.63]	−3.51 [−5.64, −1.39]	−1.32 [−4.81, 2.17]	0.455
MBI Personal Accomplishment	17.33 [16.61, 18.06]	16.70 [14.88, 18.52]	−0.63 [−2.49, 1.22]	17.33 [16.61, 18.06]	17.56 [16.27, 18.85]	0.23 [−1.11, 1.57]	0.86 [−1.34, 3.06]	0.439
MBI Depersonalization	7.91 [7.15, 8.67]	6.02 [4.80, 7.25]	−1.89 [−3.11, −0.66]	7.91 [7.15, 8.67]	7.63 [6.73, 8.52]	−0.29 [−1.19, 0.61]	1.60 [0.18, 3.02]	0.027

Definition of abbreviations: DID = difference in differences; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, MBI = Maslach Burnout Inventory; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale; PSS-4 = Perceived Stress Scale 4-item scale.

Values are presented with estimated means (95% confidence intervals). DID = (T2 − T1 in intervention) − (T2 − T1 in control).