. 2023 Sep 5;9(9):e19831. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19831

Table 4.

The properties of DBC biochar obtained from different pyrolysis temperatures.

Parameters	DBC-400	DBC-450	DBC-500	DBC-550
% VM	28.72 ± 0.395^a	22.59 ± 0.222^b	19.23 ± 0.217^b	11.69 ± 6.169^c
%Ash	2.64 ± 0.037^c	2.71 ± 0.019^b	2.62 ± 0.008^c	2.99 ± 0.005^a
% FC	66.45 ± 0.356^d	72.01 ± 0.205^c	76.49 ± 0.249^b	78.13 ± 0.441^a
%C	77.54 ± 0.253^d	81.01 ± 0.243^c	88.06 ± 0.146^a	86.30 ± 0.233^b
%H	4.56 ± 0.023^a	4.23 ± 0.015^b	3.32 ± 0.026^d	3.73 ± 0.006^c
%N	0.31 ± 0.025^c	0.40 ± 0.013^b	0.51 ± 0.028^a	0.49 ± 0.010^a
%O	14.95 ± 0.266^a	11.66 ± 0.268^b	5.49 ± 0.189^d	6.49 ± 0.230^c

Remark: Data are presented as mean ± SD with a harmonic mean sample size of 4.0. Letters (a, b, c, and d) represent statistically significant differences between the data set at p < 0.05.