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. 2023 Sep 9;9(9):e19846. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19846

Table 4.

The effects of various concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles on the surface roughness of the polymethyl methacrylate samples according to the results of one-way ANOVA.


Concentration (μg/ml)
Mean (mm) Std. deviation Std. error 95% confidence interval for the mean
Minimum P value
Lower bound Upper bound
0 1.1996 .28221 .12621 .8492 1.5500 .87 0.396
0.5 .9644 .27592 .12339 .6218 1.3070 .68
5 1.3718 .46372 .20738 .7960 1.9476 .70
50 .9608 .19804 .08857 .7149 1.2067 .70
500 .9790 .27031 .12089 .6434 1.3146 .73