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. 2023 Sep 9;9(9):e19892. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19892

Table 9.

Results of the discriminant validity test.

Mean SD VSS COS VBS
VSS 4.373 0.505 0.758
COS 4.257 0.560 0.645** 0.712
VBS 4.244 0.486 0.581** 0.640** 0.772

Note: **p < 0.01, *p < 0.1, and the diagonal was the square root of the AVE.