Table 1.
Comparison between patients who underwent ECPR with and without gasping during resuscitation
| Presence of gasping during resuscitation | Absence of gasping during resuscitation | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 47 | n = 165 | ||
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 58 [48, 65] | 59 [48, 64] | 0.678 |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 5 (10.6) | 14 (8.5) | 0.772 |
| Witnessed cardiac arrest, n (%) | 39 (83.0) | 118 (71.5) | 0.133 |
| Bystander CPR attempt, n (%) | 0.123 | ||
| Yes | 28 (59.6) | 78 (47.3) | |
| No | 18 (38.3) | 86 (52.1) | |
| Unknown | 1 (2.1) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Occurrence of cardiac arrest during EMS activity, n (%) | 4 (8.5) | 3 (1.8) | 0.045 |
| Epinephrine administration before hospital arrival, n (%) | 0.879 | ||
| Yes | 22 (46.8) | 76 (46.1) | |
| No | 24 (51.1) | 81 (49.1) | |
| Unknown | 1 (2.1) | 8 (4.8) | |
| ROSC during EMS transportation, n (%) | 0.643 | ||
| Yes | 11 (23.4) | 29 (17.6) | |
| No | 34 (72.3) | 127 (77.0) | |
| Unknown | 2 (4.3) | 9 (5.5) | |
| Time from cardiac arrest to admission, median [IQR] | 33 [23, 41] | 31 [26, 38] | 0.951 |
| Cardiac rhythm at admission, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| VF of pulseless VT | 38 (80.9) | 86 (52.1) | |
| PEA | 4 (8.5) | 38 (23.0) | |
| Asystole | 5 (10.6) | 41 (24.8) | |
| Epinephrine administration after hospital arrival, n (%) | 0.542 | ||
| Yes | 40 (85.1) | 128 (77.6) | |
| No | 7 (14.9) | 36 (21.8) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Time from arrival to ECMO pump on, median [IQR] | 22 [17, 37] | 23 [17, 33] | 0.869 |
| Outcome at 6 months | |||
| CPC 1–2, n (%) | 11 (23.4) | 7 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Survival, n (%) | 15 (31.9) | 23 (13.9) | 0.009 |
IQR interquartile range, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, EMS emergency medical service, VF ventricular fibrillation, VT ventricular tachycardia, PEA pulseless electrical activity, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CPC cerebral performance