Table 4.
Logistic regression analysis of prognostic factors for favorable neurological outcomes in all patients
| Variables | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 352 | n = 352 | |||
| Age (years) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.001 | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) | 0.009 |
| Female sex | 3.76 (1.35–10.42) | 0.011 | 6.71 (1.42–31.74) | 0.016 |
| Witnessed cardiac arrest | ||||
| Yes | 1.34 (0.44–4.12) | 0.611 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.879 | ||
| Unknown | 0.00 (0.00-) | 1.000 | ||
| Bystander CPR attempt | ||||
| Yes | 5.12 (1.66–15.76) | 0.004 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.016 | ||
| Unknown | 5.84 (0.58–58.45) | 0.133 | ||
| Timing of cardiac arrest | ||||
| Before EMS arrival at scene | 2.13 (0.25–) | 0.488 | ||
| After EMS contact | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.786 | ||
| Unknown | 0.00 (0.00–) | 1.000 | ||
| Epinephrine administration before hospital arrival | ||||
| Yes | 1.68 (0.64–4.36) | 0.290 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.360 | ||
| Unknown | 2.83 (0.55–14.46) | 0.212 | ||
| ROSC during transportation | ||||
| Yes | 0.82 (0.23–2.91) | 0.755 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.951 | ||
| Unknown | 1.00 (0.22–4.60) | 0.996 | ||
| Time from cardiac arrest to admission | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 0.048 | ||
| Cardiac rhythm at admission | ||||
| VF of pulseless VT | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.157 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.958 |
| PEA | 0.25 (0.06–1.09) | 0.064 | 0.63 (0.12–3.26) | 0.578 |
| Asystole | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.996 | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.996 |
| Unknown | 4.53 (0.39–52.60) | 0.227 | Infa | 0.995 |
| Epinephrine administration after hospital arrival | ||||
| Yes | 0.52 (0.17–1.65) | 0.267 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.245 | ||
| Unknown | 2.50 (0.22–28.13) | 0.458 | ||
| Gasping during resuscitation | 7.90 (3.08–20.25) | < 0.001 | 7.01 (2.10–23.40) | 0.002 |
| ECPR | 6.40 (1.46–28.04) | 0.014 | ||
| Therapeutic temperature management | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.000 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.000 |
| No | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.995 | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.993 |
| Unknown | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.998 | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.997 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pumping | ||||
| Yes | 4.72 (1.35–) | 0.015 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.052 | ||
| Unknown | 0.00 (0.00–) | 0.998 | ||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | ||||
| Yes | 1.23 (0.48–3.16) | 0.665 | ||
| No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.348 | ||
| Unknown | 0.26 (0.03–2.05) | 0.201 | ||
ECPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, VF ventricular fibrillation, VT ventricular tachycardia, PEA pulseless electrical activity, Ref reference, Inf infinite
aThe odds ratio was infinite, and the confidence interval could not be calculated