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. 2023 Oct 7;20:229. doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02922-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Experimental design. 9- to 12-week-old female SJL/J mice were immunized subcutaneously with PLP_139-151 with complete Freund’s adjuvant to induce rr-EAE. Clinical scoring was conducted starting one-week post-immunization. MRIs were conducted on all mice at the end of Week 6 post-immunization to screen for leptomeningeal enhancement (LME). Mice found positive for leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) were randomized to either BAFF antagonist (10F4) or IgG control treatment and injected at three time points—Day 0, Day 4, and Day 14 after Week 6 MRI. Daily clinical scoring and subsequent MRIs were conducted at the end of Week 8 and Week 10 post-immunization to monitor disease progression over time. Mice were killed the day after the Week 10 MRIs. Skulls were collected and decalcified using 14% EDTA for 2 weeks and used for histopathological analysis (created with BioRender.com).