Table 2.
Multiple linear regression analysis for the relationship between lean body mass, visceral fat mass and lean body mass to visceral fat ratio with bone mineral density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018
| Independent variables | Crude Model | R2 | Model I | R2 | Model II | R2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95%CI) | P-value | β (95%CI) | P-value | β (95%CI) | P-value | ||||
| Total lean mass | |||||||||
| Per-SD increase | 0.050 (0.048, 0.052) | < 0.001 | 0.218 | 0.047 (0.045, 0.049) | < 0.001 | 0.252 | 0.078 (0.074, 0.082) | < 0.001 | 0.302 |
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Q2 | 0.048 (0.043, 0.053) | < 0.001 | 0.200 | 0.043 (0.037, 0.048) | < 0.001 | 0.235 | 0.050 (0.044, 0.056) | < 0.001 | 0.269 |
| Q3 | 0.081 (0.076, 0.086) | < 0.001 | 0.071 (0.065, 0.077) | < 0.001 | 0.086 (0.079, 0.094) | < 0.001 | |||
| Q4 | 0.129 (0.124, 0.134) | < 0.001 | 0.117 (0.111, 0.124) | < 0.001 | 0.138 (0.129, 0.148) | < 0.001 | |||
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Visceral fat mass | |||||||||
| Per-SD increase | -0.001 (-0.003, 0.000) | 0.128 | 0.001 | -0.001 (-0.003, 0.001) | 0.377 | 0.149 | -0.027 (-0.030, -0.024) | < 0.001 | 0.237 |
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Q2 | 0.005 (-0.001, 0.010) | 0.099 | 0.002 | 0.002 (-0.004, 0.007) | 0.552 | 0.150 | -0.021 (-0.026, -0.015) | < 0.001 | 0.234 |
| Q3 | 0.007 (0.002, 0.013) | 0.011 | 0.007 (0.002, 0.013) | 0.013 | -0.032 (-0.038, -0.025) | < 0.001 | |||
| Q4 | -0.005 (-0.011, 0.000) | 0.062 | -0.004 (-0.010, 0.002) | 0.203 | -0.065 (-0.072, -0.057) | < 0.001 | |||
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.151 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| LogLM/VFM | |||||||||
| Per-SD increase | 0.022 (0.020, 0.024) | < 0.001 | 0.041 | 0.016 (0.014, 0.018) | < 0.001 | 0.164 | 0.034 (0.032, 0.037) | < 0.001 | 0.260 |
| Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Q2 | 0.038 (0.032, 0.043) | < 0.001 | 0.046 | 0.025 (0.020, 0.030) | < 0.001 | 0.163 | 0.036 (0.032, 0.042) | < 0.001 | 0.253 |
| Q3 | 0.049 (0.044, 0.054) | < 0.001 | 0.032 (0.027, 0.038) | < 0.001 | 0.056 (0.050, 0.062) | < 0.001 | |||
| Q4 | 0.060 (0.054, 0.065) | < 0.001 | 0.041 (0.035, 0.047) | < 0.001 | 0.084 (0.076, 0.091) | < 0.001 | |||
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Abbreviations: BMD bone mineral density, β partial regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, LM/VFM Lean body mass/Visceral fat mass
Crude Model: no covariates were adjusted. Model 1: gender, age and race were adjusted. Model 2: gender, age, marital status, race, education, PIR, BMI, activity, MET scores, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, serum vitamin D, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, total calcium, serum uric acid, vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements, calcium intake, and calcium supplements