Table 4.

Threshold effect analysis of lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio with bone mineral density using piece-wise linear regression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018

Inflection point	Effect size (β)	95%CI	P-value
Model I
One line effect	0.14	(0.13, 0.16)	< 0.001
Model II
Log LM/VFM < 2.6	0.15	(0.14, 0.17)	< 0.001
Log LM/VFM ≥ 2.6	-0.08	(-0.17, 0.01)	0.095
Log-likelihood ratio test			< 0.001

Abbreviations: β partial regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, LM/VFM lean body mass/visceral fat mass

Adjusted for gender, age, marital status, race, education, PIR, BMI, activity, MET scores, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, serum vitamin D, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, total calcium, serum uric acid, vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements, calcium intake, and calcium supplements