Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variables | Overall Cohort N = 1333 |
Derivation Cohort n = 1000 |
Validation Cohort n = 333 |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 60 (52–68) | 60 (52–68) | 61 (52–68) | 0.693 | ||
| Sex (male), No./total No. (%) | 926/1333 (69.5) | 706/1000 (70.6) | 220/333 (66.1) | 0.120 | ||
| Life style-associated factors | ||||||
| Smoking, No./total No. (%) | 534/1333 (40.1) | 405/1000 (40.5) | 129/333 (38.7) | 0.570 | ||
| Alcohol drinking, No./total No. (%) | 516/1333 (38.7) | 381/1000 (38.1) | 135/333 (40.5) | 0.428 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, No./total No. (%) | 1219/1333 (91.4) | 916/1000 (91.6) | 303/333 (91.0) | 0.731 | ||
| Diabetes, No./total No. (%) | 262/1333 (19.7) | 192/1000 (19.2) | 70/333 (21.0) | 0.469 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia, No./total No. (%) | 275/1333 (20.6) | 196/1000 (19.6) | 79/333 (23.7) | 0.107 | ||
| Ischemic heart disease, No./total No. (%) | 42/1333 (3.2) | 27/1000 (2.7) | 15/333 (4.5) | 0.103 | ||
| Hyperuricemia, No./total No. (%) | 81/1333 (6.1) | 53/1000 (5.3) | 28/333 (8.4) | 0.040 | ||
| COPD, No./total No. (%) | 33/1333 (2.5) | 26/1000 (2.6) | 7/333 (2.1) | 0.613 | ||
| Clinical symptoms | ||||||
| Prestroke dependence (mRS ≥ 2), No./total No. (%) | 43/1333 (3.2) | 35/1000 (3.5) | 8/333 (2.4) | 0.326 | ||
| Dysphagia, No./total No. (%) | 257/1333 (19.3) | 195/1000 (19.5) | 62/333 (18.6) | 0.724 | ||
| Disturbance of consciousness, No./total No. (%) | 317/1333 (23.8) | 230/1000 (23.0) | 87/333 (26.1) | 0.246 | ||
| alert | 1016/1333(76.2) | 770/1000 (77.0) | 246/333 (73.8) | |||
| somnolence | 209/1333(15.7) | 143/1000 (14.3) | 66/333 (19.8) | |||
| sopor | 88/1333(6.6) | 71/1000 (7.1) | 17/333(5.1) | |||
| coma | 20/1333(1.5) | 16/1000 (1.6) | 4/333(1.2) | |||
| Total muscle strength of worse side, median (IQR) | 8 (3–8) | 8 (4–8) | 7 (3–8) | 0.150 | ||
| Vomiting after ICH, No./total No. (%) | 279/1333 (20.9) | 201/1000 (20.1) | 78/333 (23.4) | 0.197 | ||
| NIHSS# | 6 (2–11) | 6 (2–11) | 7 (2–11) | 0.060 | ||
| GCS | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.617 | ||
| Neuroimaging characteristics | ||||||
| Multilobar involvement, No./total No. (%) | 201/1333 (15.1) | 138/1000 (13.8) | 63/333 (18.9) | 0.024 | ||
| Deep region involvement, No./total No. (%) | 1023/1333 (76.7) | 759/1000 (75.9) | 264/333 (79.3) | 0.206 | ||
| Extension into ventricles, No./total No. (%) | 291/1333 (21.8) | 222/1000 (22.2) | 69/333 (20.7) | 0.571 | ||
| Lesion volume (ml), median (IQR) | 7.26 (3.01–14.82) | 7.32 (3.02–14.63) | 7.00 (3.01–15.12) | 0.709 | ||
| Laboratory Examinations | ||||||
| Red blood cell (1012/L), median (IQR) | 4.55 (4.24–4.91) | 4.56 (4.24–4.92) | 4.55 (4.25–4.89) | 0.536 | ||
| Platelet (109/L), median (IQR) | 204 (169–244) | 204 (169–245) | 204 (168–244) | 0.996 | ||
| Albumin, median (g/L) (IQR) | 40.15 (37.6–42.7) | 40.25 (37.6–42.7) | 40.1 (37.9–42.7) | 0.762 | ||
| Blood glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.7 (4.9–6.9) | 5.7 (4.9–6.9) | 5.8 (4.9–7.2) | 0.292 | ||
| Creatinine (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 67 (56–80) | 67 (56–80) | 67 (56–81) | 0.875 | ||
Continuous variables that exhibited normal distribution were presented as mean (standard deviation [SD]); non-normal variables were presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]); quantitative variables were presented as number/total number (%).
SAP: stroke-associated pneumonia; COPD:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mRS : modified Rankin scale; ICH:intracerebral hemorrhage; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale score;
#VIF = 6.899, exclude from further analysis