Table 2.
Univariable analysis
| Variables | Derivation Cohort n = 1000 | Validation Cohort n = 333 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| patients with SAP n = 199 |
patients without SAP n = 801 | p-value | patients with SAP n = 66 | patients without SAP n = 267 | p-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 62 (55–72) | 59 (52–68) | < 0.001* | 64 (53–72) | 60 (52–67) | 0.035* |
| Sex (male), No./total No. (%) | 149/199 (74.9) | 557/801 (69.5) | 0.140 | 43/66 (65.2) | 177/267 (66.3) | 0.861 |
| Life style-associated factors | ||||||
| Smoking, No./total No. (%) | 90/199 (45.2) | 315/801 (39.3) | 0.130 | 27/66 (40.9) | 102/267 (38.2) | 0.686 |
| Alcohol drinking, No./total No. (%) | 81/199 (40.7) | 300/801 (37.5) | 0.398 | 26/66 (39.4) | 109/267 (40.8) | 0.832 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, No./total No. (%) | 180/199 (90.5) | 736/801 (91.9) | 0.515 | 58/66 (87.9) | 245/267 (91.8) | 0.327 |
| Diabetes, No./total No. (%) | 38/199 (19.1) | 154/801 (19.2) | 0.967 | 11/66 (16.7) | 59/267 (22.1) | 0.334 |
| Hyperlipidemia, No./total No. (%) | 35/199 (17.6) | 161/801 (20.1) | 0.425 | 6/66 (9.1) | 73/267 (27.3) | 0.003* |
| Ischemic heart disease, No./total No. (%) | 7/199 (3.5) | 20/801 (2.5) | 0.429 | 5/66 (7.6) | 10/267 (3.7) | 0.188 |
| Hyperuricemia, No./total No. (%) | 10/199 (5.0) | 43/801 (5.4) | 0.847 | 6/66 (9.1) | 22/267 (8.2) | 0.823 |
| COPD, No./total No. (%) | 8/199 (4.0) | 18/801 (2.2) | 0.165 | 3/66 (4.5) | 4/267 (1.5) | 0.142 |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||||
| Prestroke dependence (mRS ≥ 2), No./total No. (%) | 14/199 (7.0) | 21/801 (2.6) | 0.004* | 3/66 (4.5) | 5/267 (1.9) | 0.219 |
| Dysphagia, No./total No. (%) | 99/199 (49.7) | 96/801 (12.0) | < 0.001* | 36/66 (54.5) | 26/267 (9.7) | < 0.001* |
| Disturbance of consciousness, No./total No. (%) | 101/199 (50.8) | 129/801 (16.1) | < 0.001* | 34/66 (51.5) | 53/267 (19.9) | < 0.001* |
| Total muscle strength of worse side, median (IQR) | 5 (0–8) | 8 (5–9) | < 0.001* | 5 (0–8) | 7 (3–8) | 0.002* |
| Vomiting after ICH, No./total No. (%) | 46/199 (23.1) | 155/801 (19.4) | 0.236 | 17/66 (25.8) | 61/267 (22.8) | 0.617 |
| GCS(≤ 14 ) | 110/199 (55.3) | 170/801 (21.2) | < 0.001* | 35/66 (53.0) | 57/267 (21.3) | < 0.001* |
| Location of intracerebral hemorrhage | ||||||
| Multilobar involvement, No./total No. (%) | 47/199 (23.6) | 91/801 (11.4) | < 0.001* | 21/66 (31.8) | 42/267 (15.7) | 0.003* |
| Deep region involvement, No./total No. (%) | 160/199 (80.4) | 599/801 (74.8) | 0.098 | 51/66 (77.3) | 213/267 (79.8) | 0.654 |
| Extension into ventricles, No./total No. (%) | 72/199 (36.2) | 150/801 (18.7) | < 0.001* | 27/66 (40.9) | 42/267 (15.7) | < 0.001* |
| Lesion volume(≥ 20mL), No./total No. (%) | 49/196 (25.0) | 87/786 (11.1) | < 0.001* | 20/64 (31.3) | 31/265 (11.7) | < 0.001* |
| Laboratory Examinations | ||||||
| Red blood cell (< 3.8 1012/L ), No./total No. (%) | 15/199 (7.5) | 48/801 (6.0) | 0.423 | 7/66 (10.6) | 12/267 (4.5) | 0.063 |
| Platelet(< 125 109/L ), No./total No. (%) | 13/199 (6.5) | 40/801 (5.0) | 0.387 | 4/66 (6.1) | 17/267 (6.4) | 0.927 |
| Albumin(< 40 g/L), No./total No. (%) | 103/199 (51.8) | 371/801 (46.3) | 0.169 | 32/66 (48.5) | 126/267 (47.4) | 0.871 |
| Blood glucose (> 6.1mmol/L), No./total No. (%) | 96/199 (48.2) | 273/798 (34.2) | < 0.001* | 35/66 (53.0) | 103/267 (38.6) | 0.034* |
| Creatinine(> 97μmol/L), No./total No. (%) | 26/199 (13.1) | 62/801 (7.74) | 0.019* | 9/66 (13.6) | 20/267 (7.5) | 0.118 |
Continuous variables that exhibited normal distribution were presented as mean (standard deviation [SD]); non-normal variables were presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]); quantitative variables were presented as number/total number (%)
SAP: stroke-associated pneumonia; COPD:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mRS : modified Rankin scale; ICH:intracerebral hemorrhage; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale score;