Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of watchful waiting and EVAR patients.
| Watchful Waiting | EVAR | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 110 | n = 203 | |
| Age | 71.8 ± 7.1 | 74.3 ± 7.6 |
| Men | 98 (89.1) | 187 (92.1) |
| BMI | 27.7 ± 3.9 | 26.8 ± 3.8 |
| Medical history | ||
| Coronary heart disease a | 41 (37.3) | 69 (34.0) |
| Heart failure | 8 (7.3) | 13 (6.4) |
| Hypertension | 78 (70.9) | 162 (79.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 16 (14.5) | 38 (18.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (24.5) | 35 (17.2) |
| Peripheral artery occlusive disease | 24 (21.8) | 28 (13.8) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 20 (18.2) | 48 (23.6) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 3 (2.7) | 10 (4.9) |
| Current | 35 (31.8) | 53 (26.1) |
| Former | 72 (65.5) | 140 (69.0) |
| Medication use | ||
| Antiplatelet | 76 (69.1) | 158 (77.8) |
| DOAC | 6 (5.5) | 9 (4.4) |
| Coumarin | 12 (10.9) | 25 (12.3) |
| Beta-blocker | 50 (45.5) | 116 (57.1) |
| ACE inhibitor | 31 (28.2) | 60 (29.6) |
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonist | 33 (30.0) | 58 (28.6) |
| Thiazide diuretic | 21 (19.1) | 41 (20.2) |
| Lipid-lowering drug | 85 (77.3) | 167 (82.3) |
| Aneurysm-related information | ||
| Anatomical classification AAA – infrarenal | 104 (94.5) | 181 (89.2) |
| Maximal diameter AAA (mm) | 50.0 (46.0–53.0) | 55.0 (45.0–64.0) |
| AAA/sac volume (mL) | 106.1 (93.4–129.1) | 146.8 (104.1–209.0) |
| Concurrent iliac artery aneurysm | 18 (16.4) | 56 (27.6) |
| Familial AAA b | 25 (22.7) | 51 (25.1) |
| Surgery-related information | ||
| Type of index surgery | ||
| Primary EVAR | 171 (84.2) | |
| Re-intervention | 32 (15.8) | |
| Months between index surgery and blood sample collection | 38.2 (9.1–68.8) | |
| Months between index surgery and the CT scan | 38.0 (8.7–67.8) | |
| AAA ruptured at admission | 14 (6.9) | |
| ASA classification | ||
| ASA I or II | 81 (39.9) | |
| ASA III, IV, or IV | 100 (49.3) | |
| Unknown | 22 (10.8) | |
Variables with a normal distribution are presented as mean ± SD, whereas nonnormally distributed continuous variables are expressed as median (25th to 75th percentile). Categorical variables are expressed as count (percentage).
Coronary heart disease: history of myocardial infarction, and/or percutaneous coronary intervention, and/or coronary artery bypass grafting.
Familial AAA: defined as at least one first-degree relative affected with aortic aneurysm, based on anamnestic information.
AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ASA classification, physical status classification system by the American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CT, computed tomography; EVAR, endovascular aneurysm repair; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant.