Table 1.

Summary of the research focused on understanding the impact of BECs on ASMCs.

Outcome	Model	Animals	Cell type	Stressor	Means of interaction	Mechanism	Reference
Relaxation	In vitro	Human Guinea Pig	BEC	None	GABA	Unknown	[59]
	In vitro	Human	BEAS-2B ASMC	None	Acetylcholine Nitric oxide	Unknown	[64]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEAS-2B BEC	None	ASMCs COX-1 Prostaglandin E receptors 2 and 4	Unknown	[67]
Contraction	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC	Mechanical pressure	Endothelin-1	Unknown	[68]
	Ex vivo/In vitro	Rat Human	BEC	Physical injury	Unknown soluble mediators	Unknown	[69]
	Ex vivo/In vitro	Human	ASMC	Rhinovirus	IP-10 MIP-1b	Unknown	[75]
	In vivo	Mouse	NA	IL-13	Unknown	Unknown	[76]
	In vivo/In vitro	Mouse Human	BEC	IL-13	CCL2/CCL24 CXCL1	Β-arrestin pathway	[77]
	In vivo/Ex vivo	Mouse Human	NA	Genetic	Neuropeptide Y	Unknown	[55]
Migration	In vitro	Human	BEAS-2B BEC ASMC	YKL-40	IL-8	Activating MAPK and NF-κB Pathways	[81]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC BEAS-2B	TNFα	IL-8 RANTES	Unknown	[79]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC	TNFα	IL-8 CCL5	Unknown	[104]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC A549	CSE	IL-8 TGF-β1	M3 mAChR	[92]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEAS-2B HBE135	Nonylphenol	IL-6/IL-8	Unknown	[93]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC	Rhinovirus	CXCL8 CCL5	Unknown	[94]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC	Rhinovirus	CXCL10	Unknown	[95]
Proliferation	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC BEAS-2B	None	ASMCs COX-1 Prostaglandin E receptors 2 and 4	Unknown	[67]
	In vitro/In vivo	Human Rabbit	ASMC BEC	Physical injury	IL-6/IL-8 MCP-1 MMP-9	Unknown	[54]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC	Mechanical pressure	Endothelin-1	Unknown	[68]
	In vitro	Human	BEAS-2B BEC ASMC	YKL-40	IL-8	Activating MAPK and NF-κB Pathways	[81]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEC	Amphiregulin	Unknown	COX-2 activity in BEC	[8]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC 293LT1 A549 BEC	Leukotriene D4 LTD4	TGF-B1	CysLT1 receptor	[100]
	In vitro/Ex vivo	Human	ASMC BEC	HDM	Leukotriene C4	PAR-2 receptor	[103]
	In vitro	Human	ASMC BEAS-2B HBE135	Nonylphenol	IL-6/IL-8	Unknown	[93]

* BEC: Primary bronchial epithelial cell, ASMC: Primary airway smooth muscle cell, NA: Non-applicable.